2 - Types and Styles of Wine Flashcards
What types of wines are Sancerre (France), Rioja (Spain) and Chianti (Italy) examples of
still wine
what are the three main styles of still wine?
white, red, rose
What style of still wine is White Zinfandel an example of
rose
What are the three main types of wine
still, sparkling, fortified
What type of wine are Sherry (Spain) and Port (Portugal) examples of
fortified wine
what is the range of ABV for still wines
8%-15% but most are between 11.5%-14%
What style of of still wine are Chianti and Cabernet Sauvignon examples of
red wine
what causes the bubbles or fizz in sparkling wine
carbon dioxide gas
what is the definition of fortified wines
wines that have extra alcohol added to them which lead to higher levels of alcohol
What style of still wine are Chablis and Riesling examples of
white wine
what is the range of ABV for the majority of fortified wines
15%-22%
what are the 5 notable structural characteristics of wine
acidity, alcohol, body, sweetness and tannin
which notable charachteristic produces a mouth-drying effect in red wine
tannin
what causes the sweetness of a wine
presence of sugar in the wine
what are the three levels of sweetness that can vary in wines
dry, medium, sweet
what level of sweetness do the majority of wines fall under
dry
what is the key way of making dry wine
let the yeast convert all the sugar in the grape juice into alcohol
What level of sweetness are Chablis and Sauvignon Blanc
dry
What style(s) will most of the wines with medium sweetness fall under
white or rose
what are two key ways of making a wine of medium sweetness
- removing the yeast before sugar is converted into alcohol
2. Add unfermented grape juice to dry wine
Is White Zin, some German Rieslings and some Sherries dry, medium or sweet?
medium
what are two keys ways to make sweet wine
- Using grapes so high in sugar the yeast stops fermenting before they eat all the sugar
- In fortified wines, the yeast are killed by adding high strength distilled alchohol beofre they have eaten all the sugar
Are wines like Sauternes, some German Riesling, port and some Sherries dry, medium or sweet
sweet
Why is acidity important in wine
Gives the wine a refreshing characteristic that makes your mouth water and balances out the sweetness
Does Chablis, Riesling, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir have high or low acidity levels
high acidity levels
What taste and texture do tannins provide in wine
Tannis taste bitter and make your mouth feel dry
Do wines like Red Bordeaux and Chianti have high or low tannin levels
High tannins
Do wines like Beaujolais and Pinot Noir have high or low tannin levels
Low tannins
What levels of alcohol do the majority of still and sparkling wines fall between
11.5%-15%
Is Chateauneuf-du-Pape a high or low alcohol wine
High alcohol
Is White Zinfandel a high or low alcohol wine
Low alcohol
What does “the body” of a wine mean
The overall feel of a wine in your mouth (viscosity)
What are the three levels of body that can vary in wines
Light, medium, full
Are Pinot Grigio and Beaujolais light, medium or full bodied wines?
Light bodied wine
Are Sancerre and Cotes du Rhone light, medium or full bodied wines?
Medium bodied wine
Are Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauternes light, medium or full bodied wines?
Full-bodied wine
Where do aromas and flavours of wine come from
Some come from the grapes themselves and others develop during wine making and maturation
What fruit aromas can be found in cool climate Chardonnay
Green apple and citrus fruits (lemon)
What fruit aromas can be found in warm climate Chardonnay
Stone fruits (peach/apricot) Tropical Fruits (pineapple)
In addition to fruit and oak what other aromas can wine have
Grass, flowers, herbs, vegetables, earth, mushrooms, leather, etc
What sources gives aromas of cedar, clove, coconut and vanilla
Fermentation and/or maturation in oak barrels
Sweetness levels in wines can be described as dry, medium or sweet. Rank these terms in order of most sweet (being 1) to least sweet (being 3).
1 = Sweet 2 = Medium 3 = Dry
Are the majority of wines dry, medium or sweet?
Dry
What process is required to create a dry wine?
All the sugar in the grape juice must be converted into alcohol by the yeast
Below are examples of wines of different sweetness levels. Match the wine example with the correct sweetness level:
White Zinfandel from CA
Sauternes from France
Cotes due Rhone from France
White Zinfandel from CA = medium
Sauternes from France = sweet
Cotes due Rhone from France = dry
True or False: Acidity in wine comes directly from the grape skins.
FALSE
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: Acidity in wine makes the wine __________.
refreshing
True or False: Tannin is a characteristic of red wines that comes from the skins of the grapes.
TRUE
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: Tannins can make a wine taste __________.
bitter
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: The level of alcohol for most still wines is between __________ abv.
11.5% - 14%
Body is a term that is widely used to describe the overall feel of a wine in the mouth. Wines that feel viscous in the mouth are described as what?
Full-bodied
Body is a term that is widely used to describe the overall feel of a wine in the mouth. Wines that feel delicate are described as what?
Light-bodied
What type of body are the below wines:
Pinot Grigio from Italy
Sancerre from France
Cabernet Sauvignon from California
Pinot Grigio from Italy = Light-bodied
Sancerre from France = Medium-bodied
Cabernet Sauvignon from California = Full-bodied
The vast majority of wines will have aromas and flavours of fruit. What are the three main factors that determine the type of fruit flavours and aromas the wine has
- Grape variety
- Climate the grapes are grown in
- How ripe the grapes are
Climate has a substantial impact on the characteristics of a wine. Match the flavour/aroma profiles to the kind of grape and region that would typically produce them.
- Green fruit and citrus
- Stone and tropical fruits
- Green fruit and citrus - cool climate white grape varietal
- Stone and tropical fruits - warm climate white grape varietal
Wine can be fermented or matured in oak barrels. Which aromas/flavours can oak barrels give wine?
Cedar
Clove
Coconut
Vanilla
Most wines fall into one particular type of wine. Which type is this (still, sparkling or fortified)
Still wine
Which type of wine typically has the highest abv (still, sparkling or fortified)?
Fortified wine
What must be added to fortified wines which raises their level of alcohol?
Extra alcohol
Match the examples of typicalwines to their respective type:
Sherry from Spain/Portugal
Cava from Spain/Prosecco from Italy
Rioja fromSpain/Chianti from Italy
Sherry from Spain/Portugal - Fortified
Cava from Spain/Prosecco from Italy - Sparkling
Rioja fromSpain/Chianti from Italy - Still
True or False: White wines can only be made from white grapes.
FALSE
True or False: White Zinfandel is a typical example of a white wine.
FALSE
