2) Type 1 Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Give some Examples of Allergens
> Seasonal
> Perennial
> Accidental
Seasonal
> Pollen
Perennial
> House Dust Mite
> Animal dander
> Fungal Spores
Accidental Exposure > Insect Venom > Medicine > Chemicals e.g. Latex > Foods
What manifestations can be seen in allergic reactions ?
> Skin
> Faces
> Systemic
Skin
> Urticaria => Caused by mast cell activation within the epidermis
- Mediators = Histamine and Leukotrines / Cytokines
Faces
> Angioedema => Mast Cell Activation in the deep dermis
- Mediators = Histamine and Bradykinin
- It can occur in eyes, tongue, and upper respiratory airways
Systemic
> Anaphylaxis => Systemic activation of mast cells
- Increased Vascular permeability => Hypotension ; Cardiovascular collapse ; Generalised Urticaria
- Vasodilation => Angioedema
- Brachial Constriction => Breathing problems
Outline the features of Anaphylaxis
> Signs and Symptoms
> Treatment
Sns > Swelling of the Conjunctiva > Runny Nose > Swelling of Lips / Tongue / Throat > > CNS - Lightheadness - Loss of consciousness - Confusion - Headache - Anxiety > Heart and Vascular - Fast / Slow Hr - Low Bp > Skin - Hives - Itchiness - Flushing > Respiratory - SOB - Wheezes or Stridor - Hoarseness - Pain with swallowing - Cough > GI - Crampy Abdominal Pain - Diarrhoea - Vomiting > Loss of bladder control
Treatment => Epinephrine IM - Reverses Peripheral Vasodilation and reduces immune - Reverses airway obstruction - Increase the force of Myocardial contraction - Inhibits Mast Cell Activation => Multiple doses may be required => DO NOT DELAY
Outline the therapy given to treat Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions ?
For:
> Abnormal Adaptive Immune Response Against the Allergens
> Mast Cell Activation
Abnormal Adaptive Immune Response Against the Allergens
> TH2 Response = Allergen Desensitization (Oral Immunotherapy)
> IgE = Anti IgE Monoclonal Antibody
Mast Cell Activation
> Anti histamine
> Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
> Corticosteroids
