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Chemistry unit 2 GCSE > 2.) Topic 2 Acids, based and salts > Flashcards

2.) Topic 2 Acids, based and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A corrosive substance which has a pH lower than 7

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it and produce a salt

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3
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base which is soluble in water

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4
Q

What do acidic solutions release?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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5
Q

What do alkali solutions contain?

A

Contain hydroxide ions (OH-)

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6
Q

What happens when H+ and OH- ions react

A

A neutralisation reaction occurs

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)

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7
Q

What does it mean by an acid dissociating?

A

Acid breaks up into ions

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8
Q

What is the reaction of a dilute acid with metals

A

Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

Give 3 neutralization reactions of dilute acids

A

Acid + alkali → salt + water
Acid + base → salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What are alkalis

A

Soluble metal hydroxides

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11
Q

What are bases

A

Insoluble metal hydroxides

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12
Q

What salts do these acids produce, what are the formulas and what ions are made?
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulphuric acid

A

Hydrochloric acid - HCl - chlorides - Cl-
Nitric acid - HNO3 - nitrates - NO3-
Sulphuric acid - H2SO4 - sulphates - SO4 2- (at top)

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13
Q

Give examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acids

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14
Q

Give examples of weak acids

A

Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids

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15
Q

Give examples of strong bases

A

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

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16
Q

Give examples of weak bases

A

Ammonia, ammonium hydroxide

17
Q

What is the word equation for acids reacting with reactive metals

Give an example

A

Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

Hydrochloric acid + zinc → zinc chloride + hydrogen

18
Q

What is the word equation for acids reacting with alkalis (metal hydroxide)

Give an example

A

Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water

nitric acid + lithium hydroxide → lithium nitrate + water

19
Q

What is the word equation for acids reacting with bases

Give an example

A

acid + base → salt + water

nitric acid + magnesium oxide → magnesium nitrate + water

20
Q

What is the word equation for acids reacting with carbonates

Give an example

A

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

sulfuric acid + iron(II) carbonate → iron(II) sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

How can soluble salts be made?

A

Acids reacting with solid insoluble substances

22
Q

How can insoluble salts be made?

A

In a precipitation reaction

23
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide gas

A

bubble the gas through limewater and it will turn milky if carbon dioxide is present

24
Q

What is the test for carbonate

A

carbonates react with dilute acids to create carbon dioxide

This gas can be bubbled through limewater; if limewater goes cloudy; gas is CO2

25
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions

A

First add dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by barium chloride solution

A white precipitate will form if sulphate ions are in this solution

Chemistry unit 2 GCSE (6 decks)

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