2.) Topic 2 Acids, based and salts Flashcards
What is an acid?
A corrosive substance which has a pH lower than 7
What is a base?
A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it and produce a salt
What is an alkali?
A base which is soluble in water
What do acidic solutions release?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What do alkali solutions contain?
Contain hydroxide ions (OH-)
What happens when H+ and OH- ions react
A neutralisation reaction occurs
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
What does it mean by an acid dissociating?
Acid breaks up into ions
What is the reaction of a dilute acid with metals
Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
Give 3 neutralization reactions of dilute acids
Acid + alkali → salt + water
Acid + base → salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are alkalis
Soluble metal hydroxides
What are bases
Insoluble metal hydroxides
What salts do these acids produce, what are the formulas and what ions are made?
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid - HCl - chlorides - Cl-
Nitric acid - HNO3 - nitrates - NO3-
Sulphuric acid - H2SO4 - sulphates - SO4 2- (at top)
Give examples of strong acids
Hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acids
Give examples of weak acids
Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids
Give examples of strong bases
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide
Give examples of weak bases
Ammonia, ammonium hydroxide
What is the word equation for acids reacting with reactive metals
Give an example
Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + zinc → zinc chloride + hydrogen
What is the word equation for acids reacting with alkalis (metal hydroxide)
Give an example
Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
nitric acid + lithium hydroxide → lithium nitrate + water
What is the word equation for acids reacting with bases
Give an example
acid + base → salt + water
nitric acid + magnesium oxide → magnesium nitrate + water
What is the word equation for acids reacting with carbonates
Give an example
acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
sulfuric acid + iron(II) carbonate → iron(II) sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
How can soluble salts be made?
Acids reacting with solid insoluble substances
How can insoluble salts be made?
In a precipitation reaction
What is the test for carbon dioxide gas
bubble the gas through limewater and it will turn milky if carbon dioxide is present
What is the test for carbonate
carbonates react with dilute acids to create carbon dioxide
This gas can be bubbled through limewater; if limewater goes cloudy; gas is CO2
