2. The Planting of English America 1500–1733 - People Flashcards
Lord Baltimore (1605–1675)
Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics. Baltimore unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave vast tracts of land to Catholic relatives, a policy that soon created tensions between the seaboard Catholic establishment and backcountry Protestant planters.
Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658)
Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Lord De La Warr (1577–1618)
Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610. A veteran of England’s brutal campaigns against the Irish, De La Warr applied harsh “Irish” tactics in his war against the Indians, sending troops to torch Indian villages and seize provisions. The colony of Delaware was named after him.
Sir Francis Drake (c.1542–1595)
English sea captain who completed his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way.
Elizabeth I (1533–1603)
Protestant Queen of England, whose forty-five year reign from 1558 to 1603 firmly secured the Anglican Church and inaugurated a period of maritime exploration and conquest. Never having married, she was dubbed the “Virgin Queen” by her contemporaries.
Henry VIII (1491–1547)
Tudor monarch who launched the Protestant Reformation in England when he broke away from the Catholic Church in order to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
Hiawatha
Along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca tribes in the late sixteenth century.
James I (1566–1625)
Formerly James VI of Scotland, he became James I of England at the death of Elizabeth I. James I supported overseas colonization, granting a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 for a settlement in the New World. He also cracked down on both Catholics and Puritan Separatists, prompting the latter to flee to Holland and, later, to North America.
James Oglethorpe (1696–1785)
Soldier-statesman and leading founder of Georgia. A champion of prison reform, Oglethorpe established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. During the War of Jenkins’s Ear, Oglethorpe successfully led his colonists in battle, repelling a Spanish attack on British territory.
Pocahontas (c.1595–1617)
Daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas “saved” Captain John Smith in a dramatic mock execution and served as a mediator between Indians and the colonists. In 1614, she married John Rolfe and sailed with him to England, where she was greeted as a princess, and where she passed away shortly before her planned return to the colonies.
Powhatan (c.1540s–1618)
Chief of the Powhatan Indians and father of Pocahontas. As a show of force, Powhatan staged the kidnapping and mock execution of Captain John Smith in 1607. He later led the Powhatan Indians
in the first Anglo-Powhatan War, negotiating a tenuous peace in 1614.
Sir Walter Raleigh (c.1552–1618)
English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina’s Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. Once a favorite of Elizabeth I, Raleigh fell out of favor with the Virgin Queen after secretly marrying one of her maids of honor. He continued his colonial pursuits until 1618, when he was executed for treason.
John Rolfe (1585–1622)
English colonist whose marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 sealed the peace of the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
Captain John Smith (1580–1631)
English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and ensured the survival of the colony by directing gold-hungry colonists toward more productive tasks. Smith also established ties with the Powhatan Indians through the Chief’s daughter, Pocahontas, who had “saved” Smith from a mock execution the previous year.
