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History > 2. The Nature Of Crime > Flashcards

2. The Nature Of Crime Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were vagrants ?

A

-Someone who wonders from place to place without a settles home or job
-sharp rise in poverty during the 16th century so there was an increase in vagrants

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2
Q

What was a vagabond ?

A

-Wandering beggars who turned to crime
-rising number especially during the reign of Elizabeth l

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3
Q

What was an angler (type of vagrant) ?

A

Used a hooked stick to reach through windows and steal goods

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4
Q

What was a counterfeit crank (type of vagrant)?

A

Dressed in tatty clothes and pretended to suffer from falling sickness to get money out of pity

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5
Q

What was a clapper dudgeon (type of vagrant) ?

A

Tied arsenic to their skin in order to make it bleed and attract sympathy while begging

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6
Q

What’s an Abraham man (type of vagrant) ?

A

Pretended to be mad in order to attract donations through pity

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7
Q

How did the Tudor government deal with the problems of vagrancy ?

A

-flogging or branding them
-making towns tackle the problem
-making it the duty of the local parish to provide aid for its poor but also punish vagabonds

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8
Q

What’s heresy ?

A

-refusing to follow the official religion
-often punishable by death

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9
Q

What was religion like under Henry Vlll ?

A

-split the Catholic Church and made himself head of England
-those refusing to accept were executed

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10
Q

What was religion like under Edward Vl ?

A

-Widened the split with the Catholic Church
-made laws requiring people to worship in a more Protestant way

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11
Q

What was religion like under Mary ?

A

-wanted to make English a catholic country again
-ordered the burning of Protestants for heresy

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12
Q

What was religion like under Elizabeth l ?

A

-Made compromises towards catholics but remained firmly Protestant
-catholics were fined for not attending church and those plotting to kill the queen were executed for treason

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13
Q

When was Henry Vlll in power ?

A

1509-1547

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14
Q

When was Edward Vl in power ?

A

1547-1553

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15
Q

When was Mary in power ?

A

1553-1558

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16
Q

When was Elizabeth l in power ?

A

1558-1603

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17
Q

What did the people who strongly believed on their faith do and didn’t want to accept the swings in religion ?

A

-Some went into exile abroad
-others were willing to die for what they believed
-others learned to keep quiet and pretended to conform

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18
Q

Who were three Protestants that were put to death in Wales during Mary’s reign for not converting to Catholicism ?

A

-Robert Ferrar- burned at Carmarthen in 1555
-Rawlins White- burned at Cardiff in 1555
-William Nichol- burned at Haverfordwest in 1558

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19
Q

What school teacher was executed for spreading Catholicism ?

A

-Richard Gwyn from Llanidloes was executed win Wrexham 1584

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20
Q

What is smuggling ?

A

-secret trade in goods to avoid paying custom duties

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21
Q

Why did people smuggle ?

A

-made criminals considerable amounts of money on the black market as they were able to sell goods for much cheaper than in shops and markets

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22
Q

In gangs of about 50-100 people what were the jobs ?

A

-Venturer- investor
-spotsman- responsible for directing the ship to shore
-lander- arranged the unloading of the smuggles cargo
-tubsman- carried goods
-batsman- protected the tubsman

23
Q

Why was there an increase in smuggling ?

A

-change in government policy over customs and excise duties

24
Q

Why did smuggling decrease ?

A

-government reduced duties to make smuggling unprofitable

25
Q

What were three notable welsh smugglers ?

A

-William Owen- operated smuggling gangs along cardigan bay during 1720s and 1730s
-Siôn cwilt- operated along Cardiganshire coast across the mid eighteenth century
-Several generations of the Lucas family were involved in smuggling activity on the gower ,south wales

26
Q

What’s highway robbery ?

A

-stopping people as they travel along a road, usually in a coach and robbing them

27
Q

What was a footpad ?

A

-robbers that attacked pedestrians

28
Q

Who was one glamorised highway robber ?

A

-Dick Turpin

29
Q

Why did highway robbery decline ?

A

-roads became much busier
-bank it’s had to be cashed in and could be traced
-in London, a horse patrol was set up in 1805 to guard the main roads

30
Q

What’s the Industrial Revolution ?

A

-a time if great change where people began to make goods in factories using machines

31
Q

What’s a tithe ?

A

-a tax paid by farmers of one-tenth of their produce/ income

32
Q

What did industrialisation and urbanisation lead to ?

A
  • people moved from close knit rural communities to overcrowded towns with much more opportunity for crime
33
Q

What is a rookery ?

A

-an area notorious for criminal activity
-St Giles in central London

34
Q

What were some examples of criminal activity in rookeries ?

A

-Thimble screwers- stole pocket watched from their chains
-prop nailers- stole pins and brooches from women
-drag sneaks- stole goods or luggage from carts and coaches

35
Q

What happened with Luddism 1812-13 ?

A

-attacks on factory machines in northern England with handloom weavers protesting over new factory based machine woven cloth

36
Q

What happened during the swing riots (1830-31) ?

A

-agricultural labourers set fire to hayricks and smashed machines- they were angry about their poverty and the introduction of farm machinery

37
Q

What happened during the Rebecca Riots (1839-43) ?

A

-gangs of poor farmers disguised as women to high their identity attacker tollgates in south west wales
-angry about increased rents, tithe payments and tolls

38
Q

What happened during the Scotch Cattle ?

A

-during 1830s colliers with blackened faces and wearing animal skins attacked the property of industrialists in south wales
-they called for strikes to protest against the truck system, high rents and wage reductions

39
Q

What were the Chartist protests (1839) ?

A

-Chartists campaigned for a reform of parliament and the granting of the vote to all men over 21
-in April 1839 a Chartist uprising in Llanidloes involved an attack on the Treythen Arms Hotel
-In November 1839 three Chartist leaders- John Frost, Zephaniah Williams and William Jones led a match through the valleys to Newport. A disturbance took place outside the Westgate Hotel which resulted in 8 Chartists being shot dead by soldiers

40
Q

What has the increase of the numbers of cars on roads led to ?

A

-new laws for regulating motorised transport such as speed limits
-recent law 2023 made speed limit 20mph on roads in pedestrian areas in wales

41
Q

What are some common motoring offences/crime ?

A

-dangerous and careless driving- parking violation or speeding
-driving without a license- no car insurance or vehicle tax
-failing to stop after an accident- not reporting accidents
-driving while being over the legal limit for alcohol
-not wearing a seatbelt

42
Q

What are some cyber crimes ?

A

-Cyber bullying- repeated threatening and hostile behaviour through internet to intimidate/ hurt someone
-Sexual crimes- child grooming through chat rooms, sharing of illegal images of children, pictures without consent
-copyright infringement- illegally downloading music and films
-hacking- gaining unauthorised access to the private records of an individual or organisation
-phishing scams- using spoof emails to trick people into revealing important information like bank details, address etc
-identity theft- stealing a persons identity and pretending to be somebody else to steal money etc

43
Q

What is a terrorist ?

A

-someone that uses a range of methods to push their political beliefs
-these include hijackings, assassinations, taking hostages, bombings, suicide attacks

44
Q

What happened in Arndale Shopping centre in 1996?

A

-in Manchester
-IRA bombed it

45
Q

Who are the IRA ?

A

-seeking the establishment of a republic, the end of British rule in Northern Ireland, and the reunification of Ireland

46
Q

What were the 7/7 attacks ?

A

-7 July 2005
-series of suicide bomb attacks on Londons public transport network
-links to al-Qaeda

47
Q

What is a terrorist group operated in Wales ?

A

-Mudiad Amddifyn Cymru (Movement for the defence of wales)
- between 1963 and 1969 attempted a number of bombings including attempting to disrupt the investiture of Prince Charles but their bomb exploded prematurely

48
Q

What is another terrorist group operated in wales ?

A

-Meibion Glyndŵr (sons of Glyndwr)
-during the 1980s and 1990s they targeted non welsh speakers moving into Welsh communities
-carried out arson campaign against holiday homes

49
Q

What is a hate crime ?

A

-range from criminal damage and vandalism to harassment
-victims targeted for race, sexuality, religion
-most common type motivates by racism
-growth in religiously motivated hate crimes

50
Q

What is a hooligan ?

A

-a person who acts in a violent way and causes damage often without thinking

51
Q

What’s hooliganism ?

A

-often on gangs
-violence normalised
-football hooliganism became particular problem in 1970s
-for example- 1985 fighting between British and Italian fans caused a well to collapse in Heysel Stadium in Belgium killing 38 people

52
Q

What’s a mule ?

A

-someone who agrees to carry illegal drugs into another country in return for payment

53
Q

What’s drug trafficking?

A

-prominent in late twentieth century
-planes, boats, truck and people (mules) are used by gangs to smuggle illegal drugs into the UK
-use violence to protect their patch

54
Q

What’s gun and knife crime ?

A

-associated with drug gangs
-linked to juvenile gangs
-gang members sometimes carry knifes and guns sometimes as protection

History (7 decks)

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