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Cardiovascular System > 2. The Heart as a Pump + Anatomy > Flashcards

2. The Heart as a Pump + Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the principle pacemaker of the heart called?

A

Sino atrial node

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2
Q

Where is the sino atrial node located?

A

Right atrium

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3
Q

How long does electrical activity get halted at the AV node for?

A

120ms

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4
Q

What causes the first heart sound?

A

AV valve closing

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5
Q

What causes the second heart sound?

A

Outflow valves closing

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6
Q

What causes the outflow valves to open?

A

Ventricular pressure exceeding aortic pressure

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7
Q

What is the period of time during ventricular systole before the outflow valves open called?

A

Isovolumetric contraction

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8
Q

What causes the AV valves to open?

A

Ventricular pressure falling below atrial pressure

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9
Q

When does the rapid filling phase occur?

A

Start of diastole

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10
Q

What causes murmurs to be heard?

A

Turbulent blood flow

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11
Q

What causes turbulent blood flow?

A

A stenosed valve

An incompetent valve

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12
Q

At what point in th cardiac cycle would you be most likely to hear a systolic murmur caused by aortic stenosis?

A

Rapid ejection phase

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13
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The blood that the heart ejects per beat (roughly 80ml)

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14
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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15
Q

What makes up the left border and apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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16
Q

What forms the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

17
Q

What mainly forms the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

18
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the cardiac veins via what vessel?

A

The coronary sinus

19
Q

Where does the coronary sinus lie?

A

Posterior atrioventricular groove

20
Q

The left coronary artery arises from what?

A

The left aortic sinus

21
Q

Parasympathetic activity to the heart is delivered by which nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

21
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta split into the common iliac arteries?

A

L4

22
Q

What arteries split off of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right subclavian

Right common carotid

Cardiovascular System (11 decks)

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