2: The 3 battles of 1066

Question 1

FACTS:
Who did Harold Godwinson expect to invade first AND where?

Answer 1

William of Normandy in the south

Question 2

DATES:
What was the first battle of 1066 AND who won?

Answer 2

the Battle of Fulford Gate (September 1066)
Harald Hardrada vs northern earls (Morcar + Edwin)

winner = Harald Hardrada wins

reward: slaves, hostages, goods

Question 3

DATES:
What was the second battle of 1066, who won AND why?

Answer 3

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Harald Hardrada vs Harold Godwinson

winner = Harold Godwinson

why: Harold Godwinson surprised Harald Hardrada while they were celebrating their victory at Fulford, they had no armour and the viking army was divided

Question 4

DATES:
When the was the Battle of Hastings AND what was the name of the two leaders?

Answer 4

14th October 1066

Harold Godwinson vs William of Normandy

Question 5

FACTS:
Give three reasons why Harold Godwinson lost the Battle of Hastings

Answer 5

his men were tired from the battle at Stamford Bridge

his men were largely poorly trained - tricked by feigned retreat and broke shield wall, only housecarls were experienced fighting on front row

Harold fought in the front line so couldn’t

pressured into fighting - William harrying and building castles in Harold’s earldom of Wessex

Question 6

FACTS:
Give three reasons why William won the Battle of Hastings

Answer 6

army motivated - papal banner (God’s support), promise of rewards

army rested

army well trained - cavalry, archer, infantry

well led - William “I’m not dead” inspiring, feigned retreat tactic

Question 7

FACT:
When was William crowned king?

Answer 7

Dec 25th 1066

Question 8

FACT:
Who did the witan choose to be king following the death of Harold Godwinson AND what was the result?

Answer 8

Edgar Aethling

= William furious

= harrying his way to London forcing earls and Archbishops to submit