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Povijest 3.a > 2. test > Flashcards

2. test Flashcards

1
Q

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
What led to it?- underlying causes, sve do immediate cause

A

a)social –> Roman Catholic Church+clergy= FIRST ESTATE
rich nobles=SECOND ESTATE
merchants, artisans, workers, peasants=THIRD ESTATE

b)economic –>weak financial system-expensiveness, unequal tax; famine; wars(7 years war& The revolutionary war in america)

c)political –> loss of colonies(The Seven Years’ war), “lex rex”-King is the law

d)ideological –> enlightenment ideas, GB and USA influence

Second Estate forced King Louis XVI. to call a meeting of THE ESTATES-GENERAL in 1789.(representatives of all 3 estates)to get approval for tax reform, main problem HOW TO VOTE- by estates or deputies??

May 1789. - Third estate with some members of the first= National Assembly –> National Constituent Assembly(wanted to form a constitution)
citizens of Paris formed NATIONAL GUARD led by hero of american war of independence - Marquis de La Fayette

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2
Q

meeting of THE ESTATES-GENERAL

A

1789., King Louis XVI. ,forced by 2nd estate, to get approval for tax reform, main problem HOW TO VOTE- by estates or deputies??

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3
Q

National Assembly

A

May 1789. - Third estate with some members of the first= National Assembly –> National Constituent Assembly(wanted to form a constitution)

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4
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

hero of american war of independence , with citizens of Paris formed NATIONAL GUARD

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5
Q

IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION

A

July 14, 1789. , crowd of Parisians rushed to Bastille Fortress - SYMBOL OF ROYAL ABSOLUTISM
fall of Bastille became a symbolic act of revolution

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6
Q

new social order

A

Constituent Assembly established a new social order –> abolished serfdom, confiscated church property, equality of citizens

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7
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (izvor str. 55)

A

August, 1789. by National Constituent Assembly
-reflecting influence of Enlightment ideas - men are born and remain free and equal in rights, preservation of natural rights of man is the aim=liberty, property, security, resistance
-The expression LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY became slogan of the Revolution

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8
Q

slogan of the Revolution

A

The expression LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, coming from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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9
Q

The Legislative Assembly

A

September 1791. National Assembly completed its CONSTITUTION and handed its power to the The Legislative Assembly

THE JACOBINS - Maximilien Robespierre, Paul Marat, Georges Danton - wanted to remove the king&monarchy&establish a republic - republican programme

THE GIRONDINES - Jacques Pierre Brissot, Madame Marie Jeanne Roland - liberals who advocated for aristocratic republic

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10
Q

THE JACOBINS

A

Maximilien Robespierre, Paul Marat, Georges Danton - wanted to remove the king&monarchy&establish a republic - republican programme

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11
Q

THE GIRONDINES

A

Jacques Pierre Brissot, Madame Marie Jeanne Roland - liberals who advocated for aristocratic republic

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12
Q

The National Convention

A

September 21st 1792. - France declared a REPUBLIC because in april people of Paris took custody of Louis XVI. and that ended the constitutional monarchy

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13
Q

The Battle of Valmy

A

20th September 1792. , 1st victory of a citizen army against the Coalition of Habsburg Monarchy&Prussia
-inspired by liberty and nationalism
-next day they abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the French Republic(21st September)

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14
Q

Second Constitution

A

1793., Louis XVI was beheaded on the guillotine, the Jacobins expelled the Girondines and took control=Second Constitution

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15
Q

Reign of Terror, beginning+reforms+end

A

BEGINNING of the reign of terror=
Roberspierre and his followers expelled Girondines, made a new Constitution in 1793.
The Committee of Public Safety was founded by Jacobins in 1793. , Robespierre became a dictator and decided who should be considered enemies of the republic

-mass executions
-new calendar(without Sunday)
-closed all churches in Paris
-Christianity abolished and replaced with CULT OF REASON

-ended in 1794 when Thermidorians (membersof the National Convention) executed Robespierre

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Thermidorians

A

members of National Convention who turned on Robespierre
-got him executed in 1794
-Reign of Terror ended

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18
Q

The Third Constitution

A

1795., replaced by the National Convention
-executive body–>The Directory(5)
-legislative bodies–>The Council of 500&The Council of Elders

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19
Q

CONSEQUENCES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

A

-the beginning of the civil society
-civil marriage&divorce
-separation of church&state
-Vive la Nation! - motto, long live the nation
-La Marseillaise(marseljeza)-national anthem of France
-Tricolore - the flag of France(liberte-blue, egalite-white, fraternite-red)

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20
Q

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

A

1797 - Treaty of Campoformio, Napoleon won and ended of Venetian Republic

-instead of invading England he invaded Egypt to destroy British trade with the Middle East and India
1798-expedition to Egypt –> lost in the Battle of Nile by British fleet(Lord Horatio Nelson), with his fleet in Abu Qir Bay
-organised a number of scientist to study Egypt and they founded Egyptology

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21
Q

Coup d’Etat

A

blow of state, 1799.
-Napoleon took control of the French government and replaced the Directory with a CONSULATE
-Napoleon became the FIRST CONSUL

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22
Q

concordat (Napoleon +?)

A

1801 - signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII (religious freedom, confiscated church lands)

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23
Q

first consul for life

A

1802 - Napoleon became first consul for life(plebiscite)

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24
Q

Napoloenic Code

A

Code Civil, 1804.
-first modern legal code, basis of modern society:
abolition of social privileges
secularization(civil marriage)
inviolability of property
freedom&equality of citizens

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25
Napoleon as emperor
1804., Napoleon decided to make himself emperor -he was crowned in Notre Dame Cathedral, and placed the crown HIMSELF on his head, signaling that he is more powerful than the church which had crowned French rulers for centuries
26
Battle of Trafalgar
1805. - commander of British fleet Horatio Nelson defeated the French fleet, which gave Britain control of the seas and ended any chances of Napoleon invading Britain
27
Battle of Austerlitz
Three Emperors' Battle, 1805. -Napoleon demolished Austrian&Russian armies -Treaty of Pressburg(Požun, Bratislava) - Austria lost Venice, Istria & Dalmatia, Holy Roman Empire dissolved=the Confederation of Rhine(Rajnski savez)
28
the Confederation of Rhine(Rajnski savez)
1805., with the Treaty of Pressburg, Napoleon formed the Confederation of Rhine -->16 German states under Napoleon's protection
29
Treaty of Pressburg(Bratislava)
Austria lost Venice, Istria & Dalmatia, Holy Roman Empire dissolved=the Confederation of Rhine
30
Continental System (policy)
1806., Napoleon ordered a blockade(forcible closing of all ports) to prevent all trades&communication btwn GB and Europe -to prevent ships from carrying goods from GB therefore destroying Britain's economy
31
Battle of Jena
1806.,N. defeated Prussia -Treaty at Tilzit in 1807 -N. created The Grand Duchy of Warsaw(Veliko Varšavsko Vojvodstvo)
32
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw(Veliko Varšavsko Vojvodstvo)
a Polish state created in 1806 by N. when he defeated Prussia in Battle of Jena and took Polish territory from Prussia
33
Guerrilla(little war)
1808., Napoleon invaded Portugal bc they weren't respecting the Continental system -Spanish towns rioted in protest, so N. put his brother Joseph as Spanish king for 5 years -Spanish peasant fighters - guerrillas were fighting with French armies & with help of British troops they won the war
34
Illyrian Provinces
1809., N. defeated Austrians at Wagram and formed the Illyrian Provinces(Cro. and Slovenian parts) with the Treaty of Schonbrunn
35
Treaty of Schoenbrunn
formed when N. defeated the Austrians at Wagram in 1809. and formed the Illyrian Provinces
36
The invasion of Russia
1812. Czar Alexander I. refused to stop selling grain to GB(against the Continental System) so N. invaded Russia -Russians practiced a scorched-earth policy - burning grain fields&killing livestock so the enemy couldn't eat anything 1812.-Battle of Borodino(indecisive battle) - General Kutuzov led Russians -N. stayed in Moscow for 5 weeks expecting Czar to make a peace offer, when he didn't do so N. ordered his army to turn back and they died of freezing temp., starvation and exposure 1812.-Battle of Berezina -N. retreating after the invasion and crossing the river Berezina VS Russia -French suffered great losses but they managed to cross the river - since then 'Berezina' is a synonym in French for "disaster" -Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria&Sweden formed a coalition against Napoleon
37
-Battle of Borodino
1812. (indecisive battle) - General Kutuzov led Russians -N. stayed in Moscow for 5 weeks expecting Czar to make a peace offer, when he didn't do so N. ordered his army to turn back and they died of freezing temp., starvation and exposure
38
-Battle of Berezina
1812. -N. retreating after the invasion and crossing the river Berezina VS Russia -French suffered great losses but they managed to cross the river - since then 'Berezina' is a synonym in French for "disaster"
39
Battle at Leipzig
Battle of Nations, 1813. -Napoleon defeated Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia and Sweden made a coalition
40
Napoleon's abdication(exile)
1814. -Louis XVIII placed on the throne -N. exiled from France to Elba(Italy) - but he escaped in 1815. with 1000 followers and became an emperor in France again
41
battle at Waterloo
June 18th 1815. -N. attacked British and Prussian army at Waterloo in Belgium - defeated -abdicated for the second time The Hundred Days - period from Napoleon's return to Paris from Elba to his second abdication
42
The Hundred Days
period from Napoleon's return to Paris from Elba to his second abdication
43
Napoleon's death (where+when)
Napoleon sent to St. Helena(British island in Atlantic ocean) -died on MAY 5TH 1821
44
THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (goals, by who?)
1814/1815 -decisions made by Alliance - Austria, GB, Prussia, Russia GOAL-->new political order --> Restoration of political relations -->return of the royal dynasties
45
The Holy Alliance(Sveta Alijansa)
agreement signed in 1815 by Czar Alexander I.(Russia) + Emperor Francis I.(Austria) + King Frederick William III.(Prussia) policy of interventionism - purpose of the Alliance was to unite the monarchs of Europe in a holy brotherhood to advance Christian principles -intervened in Kingdom of Sardinia & The Kingdom of Two Sicilies(1820/21) and in Spain(1823) against LIBERAL AND NATIONAL MOVEMENTS
46
policy of interventionism
after the Holy Alliance purpose of the Alliance was to unite the monarchs of Europe in a holy brotherhood to advance Christian principles -intervened in Kingdom of Sardinia & The Kingdom of Two Sicilies(1820/21) and in Spain(1823) against LIBERAL AND NATIONAL MOVEMENTS
47
UDŽ. STR 61 Što je zakonik uredio i osigurao?
gotovo svaki dio života i osigurao jednaku podjelu imovine među sinovima
48
UDŽ. STR 61 Čiji se autoritet posebno ističe u zakoniku i zašto? Je li danas tako?
autoritet muškaraca jer Napoleon ne vjeruje u žensku ravnopravnost
49
UDŽ. STR 61 Kakav je odnos prema braku i obitelji na temelju zakonika?
u obitelji otac ima tiranska prava, pravo kazniti dijete sa zatvorom, a nezakonita djeca nemaju nasljednih prava
50
UDŽ. STR 61 Kakva su prava i privilegiji nestali?
ugovorna prava žena su nestala koja su imale tijekom ancien regimena, suprugama je zabranjeno poklanjati i zalagati imovinu, a vlasništvo nad njom su mogle dobiti samo uz suprugov pristanak -nestaje obično i feudalno pravo
51
UDŽ. STR 61 Što je uspostavljeno kaznenim pravom i što je proglašeno?
u kaznenom postupku uspostavljena trajna istraga
52
CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS DURING THE 19TH CT. political right?
political right - related to aristocratic origin and property medieval states were monarchies in which the nobility made all decisions with the king -enlightenment criticized that
53
human right UDŽ 68
basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth to death
54
the human rights
Civil and Political rights - protect individuals' freedom from governments, social organizations and private individuals - freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, right to vote..) Economic and Social rights - guarantee the economic and material security of the individual and a dignified life(human right to work, right to adequate living, right to education..) cultural rights - protect the rights of different groups - religious, cultural..(right to education in mother tongue, the establishment of cultural societies)
55
Civil and Political rights
protect individuals' freedom from governments, social organizations and private individuals - freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, right to vote..)
56
Economic and Social rights
guarantee the economic and material security of the individual and a dignified life(human right to work, right to adequate living, right to education..)
57
cultural rights
- protect the rights of different groups - religious, cultural..(right to education in mother tongue, the establishment of cultural societies)
58
The status and position of women
not equal to men -husband made all decisions, wife was a submissive housewife by working class of women: 1)employed in the industry 2)maids in houses 3)housewives
59
with the development of the working class women were divided into?
1)employed in the industry 2)maids in houses 3)housewives
60
suffragettes
advocated for women's right to vote and for the equality btwn women&men
61
most famous suffragette + education
Emmeline Pankhurst u hrv poznata Marija Jurić Zagorka in 19th ct. women's schools were opened, women became educated
62
children's rights
3 basis rights: child care, child protection, child education
63
Utjecaji Francuske revolucije kada je propala Mletačka Republika? tko je dobio prostor bivše Mletačke Republike?
- ideje o pokretanju građanske revolucije - Ignjat Martinović - Juraj Antun Matutinović 1797. mirom u Campo Formiju Austrija
64
1797. mir u Campo Formiju
Venecija, Istra, Kvarnerski otoci i Boka Kotorska pripale Austriji ideja sjedinjenja s ostatkom Hrvatske
65
Pokret za ujedinjenje s Hrvatskom
- fra Andrija Dorotić - proglas - Proglašenje Narodu Dalmatinskom general Matija Rukavina - Rajmund Thurn protiv ujedinjenja Maksimilijan Vrhovac - Banska Hrvatska -> ODBIJENO
66
gdje je potpisan mirovni ugovor nakon poraza Austrije kod Austerlitza? tko je dobio prostor većeg dijela istočnojadranske obale? mir u Požunu
Požun, 1805. Francuska Istra i Dalmacoka priključene Kraljevini Italiji
67
Francuska uprava
vojni upravitelj: Auguste Marmont civilni upravitelj: Vincenzo Dandolo reforme: 1) jednakost svih građana, 2) ukidanje feudalizma 3) građanski brak 4) sloboda vjeroispovijesti 5) mjere protiv Katoličke crkve - sekularizacija 6) bolji obrazovni sustav - liceji, gimnazije 7) unaprijedili gospodarstvo i trgovinu 8) izgradnja cesta - 18111. Lujzijana - Karlovac->Rijeka
68
1806. - 1810. u Zadru
II Regio Dalmata - Kraglski Dalmatin -> prve novine na hrv. jeziku, dvojezične: talijansko-hrvatske 1806. Rusi ulaze u Boku Kotarsku, Francuska šalje vojsku, general Lauriston zauzima Dubrovnij 1808. ukidanje Dubrovačke Republike
69
mirovni ugovor nakon poraza Austrije kod Wagrama?
1809. Schonbrunn, nastaju Ilirske pokrajine
70
Ilirske pokrajine
Francuska dobila područje na desnoj obali Save do ušća Une i preostali dio obale Ilirske pokrajine: Koruška, Kranjska, Istra, Kvarner, Dalmacija, prostor Dubrovačke Republike, hrv. područja južno od Save Vojna Hrvatska - dio Vojne krajine: Ljubljana - središte guverner: Auguste Marmont
71
kraj franc. vlasti
1809. eng. brodovi u Jadranu - VIS-> uporište 1811. pomorska bitka: Vis-Hvar-Korčula, francuzi izgubili 1813. Ilirske pokrajine ukinute i vraćene Austriji - bitka kod Leipziga ili bitka naroda (poraz NAPOLEONA) 1815. potvrđeno na Bečkom kongresu
72
posljedice franc. vlasti
pomogli ukidanju feudalizma uspostavili građansko društvo gospodarski i demografski iscrpili hrvatske zemlje - novi porezi i novačenje

Povijest 3.a (3 decks)

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