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2 - Terms Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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2
Q

anatomic position

A

describes the body standing in the standard position

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3
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structures of the body

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4
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

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5
Q

autopsy

A

postmortem examination

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6
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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7
Q

aplasia

A

defective development, or congenital absence, or an organ or tissue

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8
Q

atresia

A

the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

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9
Q

cells

A

basic structural and functional units of the body

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from external environment

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11
Q

chromosome

A

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

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12
Q

genome

A

complete set of genetic information of an organism

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13
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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14
Q

cytology

A

study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus

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16
Q

developmental disorder

A

can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

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17
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs

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18
Q

emergency room (ER)

A

focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions

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19
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

problem caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

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20
Q

etiology

A

study of the causes of a disease

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21
Q

functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

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22
Q

gene

A

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

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23
Q

genetic disorder (heredity disorder)

A

pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

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24
Q

genetics

A

study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

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25
hemophilia
group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing
26
geriatrics
study of the medical problems and care of older people
27
histology
microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues
28
genetic mutation
change of the sequence of a DNA molecule
29
pathogen
disease-producing microorganism such as a virus
30
indirect contact transmission
situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
31
organic disorder
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
32
homeostasis
processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
33
hyperplasia
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue
34
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissue
35
hypocondriac
person with abnormal concern about health
36
hypoplasia
incomplete development of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
37
inguinal
relating to the groin
38
mesentery
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior wall
39
organic disorder
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
40
nucleus
a structure within the cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane, that controls cell activities and helps cells divide
41
parietal peritoneum
outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
42
pathology
study of disease and/or a condition produced by disease
43
peritoneum
multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
44
organ
a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
45
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
46
phenylketonuria (PKU)
rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
47
cystic fibrosis(CF)
genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
48
down syndrome (DS)
genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
49
huntington's disease (HD)
genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child
50
muscular dystrophy
group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
51
physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
52
posterior
situated in the back or on the back of an organ
53
prenatal influences
the mother's health, behavior and prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery
54
quadrant
divided into four
55
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
56
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
57
secretion
the substance produced by a gland
58
umbilicus
belly button or navel
59
ventral
the front or belly side of the organ or body
60
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
61
intensive care unit (ICU)
provides continuously-monitored care for critically ill patients
62
medical/surgical unit
provides nursing care for lower acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continued drug therapy or monitoring

M.T. (18 decks)

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