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M.T. > 2 - Terms > Flashcards

2 - Terms Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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2
Q

anatomic position

A

describes the body standing in the standard position

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3
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structures of the body

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4
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

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5
Q

autopsy

A

postmortem examination

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6
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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7
Q

aplasia

A

defective development, or congenital absence, or an organ or tissue

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8
Q

atresia

A

the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

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9
Q

cells

A

basic structural and functional units of the body

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from external environment

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11
Q

chromosome

A

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

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12
Q

genome

A

complete set of genetic information of an organism

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13
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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14
Q

cytology

A

study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus

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16
Q

developmental disorder

A

can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

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17
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs

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18
Q

emergency room (ER)

A

focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions

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19
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

problem caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

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20
Q

etiology

A

study of the causes of a disease

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21
Q

functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

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22
Q

gene

A

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

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23
Q

genetic disorder (heredity disorder)

A

pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

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24
Q

genetics

A

study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

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25
Q

hemophilia

A

group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

26
Q

geriatrics

A

study of the medical problems and care of older people

27
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues

28
Q

genetic mutation

A

change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

29
Q

pathogen

A

disease-producing microorganism such as a virus

30
Q

indirect contact transmission

A

situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

31
Q

organic disorder

A

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

32
Q

homeostasis

A

processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

33
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue

34
Q

hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissue

35
Q

hypocondriac

A

person with abnormal concern about health

36
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

37
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin

38
Q

mesentery

A

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior wall

39
Q

organic disorder

A

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

40
Q

nucleus

A

a structure within the cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane, that controls cell activities and helps cells divide

41
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

42
Q

pathology

A

study of disease and/or a condition produced by disease

43
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

44
Q

organ

A

a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function

45
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

46
Q

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

47
Q

cystic fibrosis(CF)

A

genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

48
Q

down syndrome (DS)

A

genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

49
Q

huntington’s disease (HD)

A

genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child

50
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

51
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the structures of the body

52
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back or on the back of an organ

53
Q

prenatal influences

A

the mother’s health, behavior and prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery

54
Q

quadrant

A

divided into four

55
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

56
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

57
Q

secretion

A

the substance produced by a gland

58
Q

umbilicus

A

belly button or navel

59
Q

ventral

A

the front or belly side of the organ or body

60
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

61
Q

intensive care unit (ICU)

A

provides continuously-monitored care for critically ill patients

62
Q

medical/surgical unit

A

provides nursing care for lower acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continued drug therapy or monitoring

M.T. (18 decks)

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