2: State & Nation Flashcards
Lipset noted what five elements are critical for democracy to function?
Economic and material conditions (link between industrial capitalism & parliamentary democracy = political economy).
Legal conditions: meritocratic standards.
Socio-political conditions (compromise as essential condition).
Education to democracy.
Constitutionalism, rule of law (independent & predictable/under & before the law).
What is populism?
What does left populism tend to resist? Right populism?
Political doctrine that supports strong political power of people juxtaposed to power of an elite.
Left: resistance against economic elite.
Right: resistance against intellectual elite.
What is the danger that populism poses?
Sides pulled apart until polarized; society divided, may dehumanize other side as “enemies.”
What is a demagogue?
Speaks through emotion versus thought, conviction to appeal through feelings.
Direct democracy has three main mechanisms. What are they?
Referenda/plebiscites.
Recall.
Citizens’ initiative.
What is a sovereign? What is sovereignty?
Sovereign: literally denotes one who is similar.
Sovereignty: authority to override all other authorities; bundle of powers associated with highest authority of government.
International law denotes sovereignty as what two things?
Means that a state is independent of all other states, possesses the totality of political power within its borders.
Autonomy from outside control in international affairs.
What is individual sovereignty?
No person has moral claim over another, comes from natural law; acts of coercion are suspect.
What is parliamentary sovereignty? How does it work in Canada?
May make/repeal whichever laws chosen; cannot bind successors in any way.
Executive authority of government (Crown) exercised by ministers responsible to Parliament; constitution places all executive authority with Crown.
What is Rousseau’s idea of popular sovereignty? What is a problem with it?
Supreme authority resides in people, cannot be delegated. Laws should be made by people meeting in direct-democratic fashion.
Extremely difficult to attain in commonwealth of any size; kept alive by softening definition.
Popular sovereignty involves trustees and delegates. Define each.
Trustee: trust individual will represent your interests to institution.
Delegate: elect person into institution, follows will letter-to-letter.
Consent over direct rule is a _____ ideal.
Liberal.
States are sovereign when what?
No other political body above them.
“The State” exists under what conditions?
When a sovereign power effectively rules over the population residing within boundaries of a fixed territory.
A state is defined by the joint presence of what three factors?
Population, territory, sovereignty.
What is the difference between A state and THE state?
A state: sovereign, populated territorial entity recognized by international community.
The state: refers to public agencies/departments that organize affairs of government.
What two components make up a nation?
National identities (vs. state).
Share a territory (ethnic/common ancestry; language; culture; religion).
What are the two types of nationalism?
Ethnic: common ancestry; cultural traditions (cultural and emotional).
Civic: shared political values and political history (political and historical).
Pierre Trudeau thought of what other name for civic nationalism?
Political nationalism.
List three positives of nationalism.
Expression of identity.
History, culture, language.
Oppression of tyranny.
List six negatives of nationalism.
Societal division.
Violent conflict.
Threat to individuals.
Racism - lack of rights/cleansing/removal.
Mass massacre.
Civil war.
Canada was the first in the world to proclaim _____ as official policy.
Multiculturalism.
What are the three approaches to multiculturalism?
Fact: descriptive of societal make-up.
Policy (prescriptive): promote political and minority interests.
Critical discourse (academic): invites challenge and change.
What are three important consequences of the Royal Proclamation (1763)?
Guidelines for European settlement of Aboriginal territories.
Laid foundation for constitutional recognition and protection of First Nation rights.
Basis for treaty-making process in Canada.
What is citizenship?
Participatory member of political society, gained by meeting legal requirements set out by state.
List three examples of citizen obligations.
Payment of taxes.
Military service.
Obeying law.
With regards to citizenship, _____ are granted in exchange for _____.
Rights; responsibilities.
List four civic duties.
Be informed.
Vote.
Respect others’ rights.
Contribute to the common good.
