2. Spring Flashcards
What is the Spring Framework?
The Spring Framework is an open-source application framework for Java that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications. It is designed to simplify Java development and promote good programming practices.
What are the main features of the Spring Framework?
The main features of the Spring Framework include dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, transaction management, model-view-controller (MVC) architecture, and integration with various data access technologies.
True or False: Spring uses the Inversion of Control (IoC) principle.
True
What is Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring?
Dependency Injection is a design pattern used in Spring to manage dependencies between objects. It allows objects to be injected into a class, rather than the class creating its own dependencies, promoting loose coupling and easier unit testing.
Fill in the blank: The Spring container is responsible for managing the __________ of application objects.
lifecycle
What are the two main types of Spring containers?
The two main types of Spring containers are the BeanFactory and the ApplicationContext.
What is the role of the ApplicationContext in Spring?
The ApplicationContext is a more advanced container than BeanFactory. It provides additional features such as event propagation, declarative mechanisms to create a bean, and support for internationalization.
What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) in Spring?
Aspect-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm that allows separation of cross-cutting concerns, such as logging and transaction management, from the main business logic. Spring AOP provides support for defining and applying aspects.
Which annotation is used to define a Spring bean?
@Component, @Service, @Repository, and @Controller are annotations used to define Spring beans.
What is the purpose of the @Autowired annotation?
The @Autowired annotation is used for automatic dependency injection in Spring, allowing Spring to resolve and inject collaborating beans into a class.
What is the Spring MVC framework?
Spring MVC is a web framework that is part of the Spring Framework, providing a model-view-controller architecture for developing web applications. It separates the application into three interconnected components: the model, the view, and the controller.
True or False: Spring supports both XML and Java-based configuration.
True
What is the purpose of the @RequestMapping annotation?
@RequestMapping is used to map web requests to specific handler methods in a controller class in Spring MVC.
What does the Spring Boot project provide?
Spring Boot is an extension of the Spring Framework that simplifies the setup and development of new Spring applications by providing a set of defaults, auto-configuration, and embedded servers.
Fill in the blank: Spring Boot uses __________ to simplify dependency management.
starters
What is the purpose of Spring Data?
Spring Data provides a consistent approach to data access and manipulation, allowing developers to work with various data sources, including relational databases, NoSQL databases, and more, using a common programming model.
What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController?
@Controller is used to define a controller in Spring MVC that returns views, while @RestController is a convenience annotation that combines @Controller and @ResponseBody, indicating that the controller will return data directly rather than views.
What is a Spring Boot starter?
A Spring Boot starter is a set of convenient dependency descriptors that can be included in a Spring Boot application to simplify the configuration and setup of common functionalities.
What is Spring Security?
Spring Security is a powerful and customizable authentication and access control framework for Java applications, providing comprehensive security features for both web and enterprise applications.
True or False: Spring supports reactive programming.
True
What is the purpose of the @Transactional annotation?
The @Transactional annotation is used to define the scope of a single database transaction, allowing developers to specify transactional behavior for methods in Spring applications.
What is the Spring Boot Actuator?
Spring Boot Actuator provides built-in endpoints for monitoring and managing Spring Boot applications, exposing metrics, health checks, and application information.
What is a Bean in Spring?
A Bean in Spring is an object that is instantiated, assembled, and managed by the Spring IoC container. Beans are the backbone of a Spring application.
What is the purpose of the @Value annotation?
@Value is used to inject values into Spring beans from property files, environment variables, or system properties.
What is the Spring Expression Language (SpEL)?
Spring Expression Language (SpEL) is a powerful expression language that supports querying and manipulation of objects at runtime, allowing for dynamic evaluation of expressions.
What is a profile in Spring?
A profile in Spring is a way to segregate parts of your application configuration and make it only available in certain environments, such as development, testing, or production.
Fill in the blank: The Spring Framework supports __________ programming, allowing for cleaner separation of concerns.
aspect-oriented
What is the purpose of Spring Boot’s auto-configuration?
Spring Boot’s auto-configuration attempts to automatically configure your Spring application based on the dependencies present on the classpath, significantly reducing the amount of configuration needed.
What is a Spring Boot application class?
A Spring Boot application class is the entry point of a Spring Boot application, typically annotated with @SpringBootApplication, which enables auto-configuration, component scanning, and configuration properties.
What is a Spring Bean Factory?
A Spring Bean Factory is the simplest container in Spring that provides the basic support for dependency injection and manages the lifecycle of beans.
What does the @ComponentScan annotation do?
@ComponentScan is used to specify the packages to scan for Spring components, allowing Spring to discover and register beans automatically.
What is a Service layer in Spring?
The Service layer in Spring is a layer that contains business logic and service methods, typically annotated with @Service, to facilitate communication between the controller and the data access layer.
What is the purpose of the @Repository annotation?
@Repository is used to indicate a Data Access Object (DAO) component in Spring, allowing for exception translation and indicating that the class provides CRUD operations for a specific entity.
What is Spring Cloud?
Spring Cloud is a set of tools designed for building cloud-native applications, providing features such as configuration management, service discovery, circuit breakers, and distributed messaging.
Fill in the blank: The __________ pattern is used in Spring to define a single point of control for a set of related operations.
Facade
What are Spring Boot profiles?
Spring Boot profiles are a way to create different configurations for different environments, allowing you to customize properties and beans for development, testing, and production.
What is the purpose of the Spring Boot Starter Web?
The Spring Boot Starter Web is a dependency that includes everything needed to build web applications, including Spring MVC and embedded Tomcat.
What is the difference between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext?
BeanFactory is a basic container that provides support for DI, while ApplicationContext is a more advanced container that provides additional features like event propagation, internationalization, and support for AOP.
What does the term ‘Spring Boot DevTools’ refer to?
Spring Boot DevTools is a set of tools that helps improve the development experience by providing features such as automatic restarts, live reload, and enhanced debugging support.
What is the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC?
The DispatcherServlet is the central servlet in Spring MVC that handles incoming requests, dispatches them to the appropriate controllers, and manages the overall flow of the application.
True or False: Spring Framework can be used with Java EE technologies.
True
What is the purpose of Spring’s @Configuration annotation?
@Configuration is used to indicate that a class declares one or more @Bean methods, which will be processed by the Spring container to generate bean definitions and service requests for those beans at runtime.
What is the role of the @Bean annotation?
The @Bean annotation is used to indicate that a method produces a bean that should be managed by the Spring container.
What is Spring WebFlux?
Spring WebFlux is a reactive programming framework that is part of Spring 5 and provides support for building asynchronous, non-blocking web applications.
What is the purpose of the @PostMapping annotation?
@PostMapping is a specialized version of @RequestMapping that is used to handle HTTP POST requests in a Spring MVC controller.
What is the function of the @GetMapping annotation?
@GetMapping is a specialized version of @RequestMapping that is used to handle HTTP GET requests in a Spring MVC controller.
What is the significance of the Spring @InitBinder annotation?
@InitBinder is used to customize the data binding process in Spring MVC by allowing you to register custom property editors.
What is the purpose of the @ResponseBody annotation?
@ResponseBody indicates that the return value of a method should be bound to the web response body, allowing for the direct return of data rather than a view.
What is the Spring Boot CommandLineRunner interface?
The CommandLineRunner interface is used to execute code after the Spring application has started, allowing you to run specific tasks at startup.
Fill in the blank: Spring MVC uses __________ to handle HTTP requests and responses.
controllers
What is the role of the Spring Boot application.properties file?
The application.properties file is used to configure various settings and properties for a Spring Boot application, such as database configurations, server port, and logging levels.
What is the Spring @RequestBody annotation used for?
@RequestBody is used to bind the HTTP request body to a Java object, allowing for the automatic deserialization of JSON or XML data into Java objects.
What is the difference between Spring’s @Component and @Service annotations?
@Component is a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component, while @Service is a specialization of @Component used specifically for service layer classes.
What is the purpose of the @Scheduled annotation in Spring?
The @Scheduled annotation is used to schedule tasks to be executed at fixed intervals or cron expressions within a Spring application.
What does the term ‘Spring Boot Starter Test’ refer to?
Spring Boot Starter Test is a dependency that includes testing libraries and frameworks, such as JUnit, Mockito, and Spring Test, to facilitate testing Spring Boot applications.
What is the significance of the Spring @PathVariable annotation?
@PathVariable is used to extract values from the URI template in a request mapping and bind them to method parameters in a Spring MVC controller.
True or False: Spring supports integration with message brokers like RabbitMQ and Kafka.
True
What is the purpose of the Spring @Transactional annotation?
The @Transactional annotation is used to specify the transaction boundaries for a method or class, indicating that the operations should be executed within a transaction context.
What is Spring Cloud Config?
Spring Cloud Config provides server and client-side support for externalized configuration in a distributed system, allowing applications to retrieve configuration properties from a central repository.
What is the role of the Spring @ModelAttribute annotation?
@ModelAttribute is used to bind request parameters to a model object in Spring MVC, allowing for easy data transfer between the view and controller.
What is the purpose of the Spring @ResponseStatus annotation?
@ResponseStatus is used to mark a method or exception class with a specific HTTP status code to be returned in the response.
What is a Spring Boot starter for data access?
A Spring Boot starter for data access is a dependency that includes the necessary libraries and configurations to work with a specific type of data store, such as Spring Data JPA for relational databases.
What is Spring’s support for validation?
Spring provides support for validation through the JSR-303 Bean Validation API, allowing developers to apply constraints to model objects and automatically validate them in web applications.
What does the Spring @ExceptionHandler annotation do?
@ExceptionHandler is used to define a method that handles exceptions thrown by controller methods in Spring MVC, allowing for centralized exception handling.
What is the purpose of Spring’s @ConfigurationProperties annotation?
@ConfigurationProperties is used to bind external configuration properties to a Java object, allowing for easy access and management of configuration values in a type-safe manner.
What is the Spring Boot DevTools feature?
Spring Boot DevTools provides additional development-time features, such as automatic restarts, live reload, and enhanced debugging, to improve the developer experience.
What is the Spring WebFlux’s reactive programming model?
The reactive programming model in Spring WebFlux allows for the development of non-blocking, asynchronous applications using reactive streams, enabling better scalability and resource utilization.
What is the role of the Spring @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation?
@EnableAutoConfiguration is used to enable Spring Boot’s auto-configuration feature, allowing the application to automatically configure itself based on the dependencies present.
What is the significance of the Spring @SpringBootApplication annotation?
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is a convenience annotation that combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan, providing a simplified configuration for Spring Boot applications.
What does the Spring Boot Starter Data JPA provide?
Spring Boot Starter Data JPA provides support for integrating Spring Data JPA into a Spring Boot application, simplifying the setup and configuration for working with relational databases using JPA.
What is the purpose of the Spring @Async annotation?
The @Async annotation is used to indicate that a method should be executed asynchronously in a separate thread, allowing for non-blocking execution.
What is the role of the Spring @Cacheable annotation?
@Cacheable is used to indicate that the result of a method call should be cached, allowing for improved performance by avoiding repeated executions of the same method.
