2 Species Interaction And Community Structure

Question 1

The feeding level in a food chain or web

Answer 1

Trophic level

Question 2

Are autotrophs which gets energy from the sun and photosynthesis

Answer 2

Producers

Question 3

Are heterotrophs which eat othe organisms for energy

Answer 3

Consumers

Question 4

Determined by the feeding relationships between organisms

Answer 4

Trophic structure

Question 5

The transfer of food energy up to the trophic levels from its source

Answer 5

Food chain

Question 6

In the 1920, oxford univ biologist charles elton recognized that food chains are not isolated units but are limited into ____

Answer 6

Food webs

Question 7

A series of arrow, each pointing one species to another, representing flow of food from prey to predator

Answer 7

Food chain

Question 8

An abstract representation of feeding relationships within a community.

Answer 8

Food web

Question 9

Suggests that the length of food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain

Answer 9

Energetic hypothesis

Question 10

Suggests that long food chains are less stable than short food chains

Answer 10

Dynamic stability hypothesis

Question 11

The primary producer of the ecosystems, ultimately support all other organisms

Answer 11

Autotrophs

Question 12

The primary producers in deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Answer 12

Chemosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 13

Eat primary producers and are called primary consumers.

Answer 13

Herbivores

Question 14

Herbivores are also called

Answer 14

Primary consumers

Question 15

Eat secondary producers and are called tertiary consumers

Answer 15

Carnivores

Question 16

Carnivores are also called

Answer 16

Tertiary consumer

Question 17

Get energy from detritus, nonliving organic material

Answer 17

Detritivores

Question 18

Non living organic material

Answer 18

Detritus

Question 19

The position it occupies in the food chain

Answer 19

Trophic level

Question 20

Play an important role in making elements available to producers

Answer 20

Detritivores

Question 21

Recycles the elements from detritivores into organic material

Answer 21

Producers

Question 22

An ecosystem main decomposers

Answer 22

1. Fungi
2. Prokaryotes

Question 23

Are those species in a community that are most abundant or have the highest biomass

Answer 23

Dominant species

Question 24

The sum weight of all individuals in a population

Answer 24

Biomass

Question 25

2 characteristics of dominant species

Answer 25

1. Competitively successful at exploiting limiting resources
2. Most successful at avoiding predation or disease

Question 26

Not necessarily abundant in community

Answer 26

Keystone species

Question 27

If it is removed, community structure is greatly affected

Answer 27

Keystone species

Question 28

Example of keystone species

Answer 28

1. Coral species (Oculin arbuscula)
2. African elephants
3. Sea otters
4. Wolves in yellowstone national park

Question 29

Postulates V-> linkages, in which the presence or absence of mineral nutrients (N) control plant (V) numbers, which controls (H) Herbivore numbers, which control predator (P) numbers.

Answer 29

Bottom-Up Model

Question 30

Simplified bottom-up model

Answer 30

N -> V -> H -> P

Question 31

Postulates that it is mainly predation that controls community organization

Answer 31

Top-down model

Question 32

A simplified top-down model

Answer 32

N <- V <- H <- P

Question 33

The top-down control of community structure is called the _____

Answer 33

Trophic Cascade Model