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Semester 2- MSK > 2 Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

2 Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 shapes of skeletal muscle

A 
Circular
Convergent
Parallel
Unipennate
Multipennate
Fusiform
Bipennate
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2
Q

What is a muscle agonist?

A

Prime movers- main muscles responsible for a particular movement

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3
Q

What is a muscle antagonist?

A

Oppose prime movers

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4
Q

What is a muscle synergist?

A

Assists prime movers

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5
Q

What is a muscle fixator?

A

Stabilises action of a prime mover

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6
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

The anterior and posterior sections of the arm are separate. If one bleeds the pressure will increase and the nerve will be pressed causing pain.

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7
Q

List 4 functions of skeletal muscle

A

Movement
Posture
Heat generation
Stability of joints

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8
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

The muscle changes length and moves the load

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9
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

The muscle does not change length when it contracts

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10
Q

List 4 features of Type I muscle fibres

A 
Aerobic
High myoglobin levels
Red
Many mitochondria
Rich capillary supply 
Fatigue resistant
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11
Q

List 4 features of Type IIa muscle fibres

A 
Aerobic
High myoglobin levels
Pink
Many mitochondria
Rich capillary supply 
Moderate fatigue resistance
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12
Q

List 4 features of Type IIb muscle fibres

A 
Anaerobic glycolysis
Low myoglobin levels
White
Few mitochondria
Poor capillary supply 
Rapidly fatiguable
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13
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Muscle spindles tell the brain how stretched the muscle is

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14
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor neurone and the muscles it innervates

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15
Q

Name 3 substances that can send signals to communicate between nerves and muscles

A

Neutrophin-3 (neurotrophins)
Cardiotrophin-1 (cytokines)
IGF 1 (insulin-like growth factors)

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16
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The baseline tone present in muscles at rest due to motor neurone activity and muscle elasticity.

17
Q

What is hypotonia?

A

Low level of muscle tone

18
Q

What are the causes of hypotonia?

A

Cerebral or spinal neural shock
Myopathies- primary degeneration of the muscle
Polyneuritis- lesions of lower motor neurones
Lesions of the cerebellum

19
Q

Name 4 sources of ATP

A

Short term ATP stores
Creatine phosphate
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation

20
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Intermittent muscle pain caused by a partial blockage

21
Q

What is contracture?

A

A state of continuous contraction. Occurs when ATP is depleted.
Eg. Rigor mortis

Semester 2- MSK (3 decks)

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