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06. Gastrointestinal Pathology > 2. Salivary Glands > Flashcards

2. Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Disorders of the salivary glands

A
  1. Sialadenitis
    - Viral infection
    - Bacterial infection
    - Autoimmune
  2. Sialolithiasis
  3. Xerostomia
  4. Neoplasms
    - Pleomorphic adenoma
    - Warthin tumour
    - Malignant neoplasms
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2
Q

Definition of sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland

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3
Q

Viral infections resulting in sialadenitis

A

Mumps virus

  • Typically affects the parotid gland, producing either unilateral or bilateral parotid gland enlargement
  • Can concomitantly affect the testes (orchitis) & pancreas (pancreatitis)
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4
Q

Bacterial infections resulting in sialadenitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans

- Typically secondary to sialolithiasis

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5
Q

Autoimmune disorders resulting in sialadenitis

A

Sjögren syndrome

  • Autoimmune disorder involving destruction of salivary & lacrimal glands
  • Produces dry mouth (xerostomia) & dry eyes
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6
Q

Definition of sialolithiasis

A

Calculus in salivary ducts, especially common in those of the submandibular glands; may lead to secondary bacterial infections

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7
Q

Definition of xerostomia

A

Dry mouth due to decreased saliva production

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8
Q

Causes of xerostomia

A
  1. Sjögren syndrome

2. Drugs (e.g. anti-cholinergics)

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9
Q

Pathological Effects & Complications of xerostomia

A
  1. Increased rates of dental caries
  2. Oral candidiasis
  3. Difficulty speaking & swallowing
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10
Q

Neoplasms of the salivary glands

A

Salivary gland tumours are commonly benign, and affect the parotid gland (75%) > submandibular > sublingual & minor salivary glands

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11
Q

Definition of pleomorphic adenoma

A

Benign epithelial (mixed) neoplasm

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12
Q

Associations with pleomorphic adenoma

A
  1. Most common tumour of the salivary glands (90%)
  2. 10x more common in the parotid gland
  3. 40 years old
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13
Q

Gross appearance of pleomorphic adenoma

A
  1. Lobulated, unencapsulated knobbly mass
  2. Solid & firm
  3. Whitish translucent cartilage-like appearance
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14
Q

Histology of pleomorphic adenoma

A
  1. Epithelial components (ducts, squamous metaplasia)
  2. Myoepithelial component
  3. Chondromyxoid component
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15
Q

Clinical features of pleomorphic adenoma

A
  1. Presents as a painless, slow-growing mass
  2. Prone to recurrence due to lack of a true capsule
    (hence avoid enucleation, perform a complete
    lobectomy instead)
  3. Malignant transformation is rare (but when it
    happens, takes the form of an adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma, which usually overgrows the last vestiges of the pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma)
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16
Q

Definition of Warthin Tumour

A

Benign neoplasm (also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, adenolymphoma)

17
Q

Associations with Warthin Tumour

A
  1. 2nd most common tumour of the salivary glands
  2. Occurs almost exclusively in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland
  3. Male preponderance
  4. 50-70 years old
18
Q

Gross appearance of Warthin Tumour

A
  1. Bilateral (10%), multifocal (10%)
  2. Oval or round encapsulated mass
  3. Soft, pale grey
  4. Contains cystic spaces filled with milky secretions
19
Q

Histological appearance of Warthin Tumour

A
  1. Cystic spaces lined by double layer of epithelial cells

2. Dense lymphoid stroma with germinal centres

20
Q

Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands

A
  1. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
    - 50% found in minor salivary glands (especially those of the palate)
    - Composed of small cells with dark compact nuclei & scant cytoplasm
  2. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
    - Most commonly found in the parotid gland
    - Composed of variable mixtures of squamous cells, mucus-secreting cells & intermediate cells
  3. Acinic Cell Carcinoma
    - Most commonly found in the parotid gland
    - May be bilateral
    - Composed of cells resembling normal serous acinar cells
  4. Lymphoma (primary lymphoma arising in salivary gland)
    - Low grade non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma of extranodal MALT type
    - Associated with Sjögren syndrome (40x risk)

06. Gastrointestinal Pathology (5 decks)

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