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GCSE History USA > 2. Religion and Race > Flashcards

2. Religion and Race Flashcards

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1
Q

Bible Belt

A

Southern USA with fundementalists

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2
Q

Religious Fundementalists

A
  • everything in Bible is true + must be taken literally
  • scientific theories not accepted
  • in 1920s
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3
Q

Butler Act

A
  • 1924 Tennesse
  • scientific theories banned in schools if opposing bible Divine Creation
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4
Q

Scopes Trial/Monket Trial: why?

A
  • Biology teacher John Scopes challenges Butler Act by deliberately teaching Evolution theory
  • did this to intentionally get arrested and have a trial
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5
Q

Trial- what?

A
  • 1925
  • Scopes Defender= Clarence Darrow + Americal Civil Liberties Union support
  • Prosecutor= Jennings Bryan- fundementalist
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6
Q

Trial Result:

A
  • Scopes fined $100 and loses
  • fundementalists image destroyed- ignorant + media mocking them + seen as restriting freedom of thought
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7
Q

Native Americans Treatment

A

They’re being Americanised + kept away from culture

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8
Q

Indian Citizenship Act

A
  • 1924
  • Native Americans given American citizenship
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9
Q

Eugenics Project (Americanisation + assimilaion attempt)

A

manages Native Americans lives + other ‘undesirables’:
- reject own culture
- special boarding schools taking children away from culture + family
- Christianity conversion attempts (no tribe identity)

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10
Q

Meriam Report

A
  • 1928
  • Exposed boarding schools as too harsh
  • showed assimilation attempt failed
  • recommended to drop Western cultural education
  • Native Americans should get skills for their own society + American society
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11
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

segregation of black and white Americans in many states:
- segregation in all public areas
- denial of access to good jobs for Black Americans
- 1915-1922= 450 black Americans lynched

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12
Q

KKK- Ku Klux Klan

A
  • white + protestant supremacy (other groups attakced too e.g Jews foreigners)
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13
Q

KKK Origins

A
  • South USA by ex-Confederate soldiers in 1860s after American Civil War
  • They’re war veterans afraid of freed slaves
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14
Q

members + support + identity

A
  • WASPs
  • white robes + white hoods
  • leader= Hiram Wesley Evans (Imperial Wizard)
  • officers knows as Kluds, Klaliffs, Klabees
  • American flags + burning crosses at night meetings
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15
Q

size + reasons to join

A
  • 1920= 100000
  • by 1925= 5 million+
  • more immigration= more anti-foreigners
  • after 1910= industrialisation means more workers so they expanded
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16
Q

methods

A
  • beating up enemies
  • lynching
  • mutilating
  • srip victims then put tar and feathers on body
17
Q

decline

A
  • illegal activities
  • Great Wizard Stephenson convicted of rape and mutilation of a woman
    —> reputation ruined as pardon refused
18
Q

reasons why they previously weren’t stopped for methods they did

A
  • racism in South
  • Politicians don’t want to lose votes for congress election for speaking out (fear)
  • police force/authorities dominated by KKK
  • overall fear and intimidation
19
Q

NAACP

A
  • National Association of the Advancement of Coloured People
  • 1909= by W.E.B De Bois
  • by 1919= 90000 members in 300 branches
20
Q

Aims

A
  • no cruelty against Black People
  • everyone has equal opportunities
  • no discrimintion
21
Q

Actions + result

A
  • marches, demomnstartions, petitions
  • making black pople aware of their rights
  • Success; rights made aware + less lynching from publicity
  • Failure: lynching not officially banned
22
Q

UNIA

A
  • Universal Negro Improvement Association
  • 1914= by Marcus Garvey
  • 1920=2000 members
  • peak= 250000 members
23
Q

aims

A
  • balck people success + their own identity without assimilating
24
Q

actions and result

A
  • militant tactics
  • ‘back to Africa’ slogan + encouraging setting up own businesses with black employees
  • Success: Black Power movement uses Garvey’s ideas
  • Failure: 1925=sent to prison for ‘postal fraud + deported to Jamaica
    —>UNIA falls apart
25
Q

Great Black Migration

A
  • to Chicago and New York with Detroit and LA too
  • 1million people
  • lots of black empolyment in north- 10000 black employees
26
Q

Great Black Migration results

A

Sucsess:
- Life Expectancy increase. 1900= 45 1930=48
- Jazz popularity + black theatres
Failure:
- low wage jobs
- slums
- poor eductation + helath access
- race riots/xenophobia

GCSE History USA (7 decks)

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