2 Population

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of population numbers, distribution, trends and issues

Question 2

developed country

Answer 2

the world’s wealthiest countries; they have well-established infrastructures and their people are well-housed, healthy, and have good literacy skills

Question 3

developing country

Answer 3

countries that have lower standards of living than developing countries; many have extensive poverty

Question 4

birth rate

Answer 4

the number of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year

Question 5

death rate

Answer 5

the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year

Question 6

immigration rate

Answer 6

the number of new arrivals in a country in a given year per 1000 people

Question 7

emigration rate

Answer 7

the number of people leaving a country in a given year per 1000 people

Question 8

natural increase

Answer 8

the rate at which a population increases (or decreases) in a year expressed as a percentage of the total population; calculated by subtracting the death rate from birth rate

Question 9

exponential growth rate

Answer 9

a rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size

Question 10

rule of 70

Answer 10

the time it takes a country to double its population, approximately 70 divided by the country’s growth rate

Question 11

doubling time

Answer 11

the number of years it takes a country to double its population at its current growth rate

Question 12

net migration

Answer 12

the difference between the number of people immigrating to a country, and the number of people emigrating

Question 13

population growth rate

Answer 13

the rate at which a country’s population increases or decreases, calculated by adding natural increase and net migration

Question 14

life expectancy

Answer 14

the average number of years an individual is expected to live

Question 15

demographic transition model

Answer 15

a model that shows changes in a population’s birth and death rates and growth based on technological development

Question 16

mortality

Answer 16

death rate, calculated as a number of deaths per 1000 people in a popluation

Question 17

family planning

Answer 17

the concept of limiting the size of families

Question 18

total fertility rate

Answer 18

the average number of children born over the lifetime of a typical woman in a particular country

Question 19

one-child policy

Answer 19

a policy adopted by China to control growth

Question 20

population pyramid

Answer 20

a bar graph that shows male and female populations back to back at age intervals of five years

Question 21

age cohort

Answer 21

an age group in a population, for example, the number of people between the ages of 10 and 14

Question 22

dependency ratio

Answer 22

the proportion of the population (children and those over 64 years of age) that is being supported by the working age group

Question 23

carrying capacity

Answer 23

the maximum number of people that can be sustained by an environment

Question 24

population distribution

Answer 24

the pattern of where people live in an area

Question 25

population density

Answer 25

the number of people living in a given area; calculated by dividing the population by its area

Question 26

nutritional density

Answer 26

a measure of how much nutrition calories can be produced from a certain area; an area with fertile soil and adequate temperatures and precipitation will have a higher nutritional density than an area such as Canada’s North