2: Poetry Flashcards
how a poem is typed on a page (lines, stanzas, indentation, etc.)
typographical level
musicality of the language of a poem when read aloud (rhyme, rhythm, repetition, alliteration, assonance, consonance, caesura, etc.)
sound level
a series of words each beginning with the same letter or sound
alliteration
a series of words that have the same vowel sounds
assonance
a series of words that have the same consonant sounds
consonance
visualization that a poet builds through specific nouns and action verbs, descriptions of five senses, figures of speech, etc.
imagery level
theme of a poem / central idea that the poem intends to convey, that shouldn’t be directly stated
idea level
point of view in which the speaker is the main character themselves (I, me, my, we, us, our)
first person
point of view in which the speaker is directly talking to readers (you, your)
second person
point of view in which the speaker and reader are both observers (he, she, it, him, her, his, hers, its, they, them, theirs)
third person
the poet’s attitude or position toward the subject (positive, neutral, negative)
tone
word choice by poet - may include slang or dialect
diction
the order or pattern in which the poet places the words in lines
syntax
the intended readers the poet imagines when writing the poems and who they hope will read the poems
audience
language that states exactly what something is
literal language
language that creates meaning by comparing one thing to another thing (figures of speech)
figurative language
figure of speech that compares one thing to another using the words “like” or “as” (“her eyes are like the sun”)
simile
figure of speech that compares one thing to another by saying one thing is another (“hope is a bird”)
metaphor
figure of speech that involves giving a non-human or inanimate object the qualities of a person (“the wind whispers”)
personification
figure of speech that involves exaggerating the truth to create an effect (“this job is killing me”)
hyperbole
figure of speech that involves deliberately downplaying the significance or seriousness of a situation (“tis but a flesh wound”)
understatement
repetition of the same vowel sounds in words near each other
assonance
repetition of the same consonant sounds in words near each other
consonance
repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of words near each other
alliteration
words that resemble the sounds they represent (“boom”, “whoosh”)
onomatopoeia
two or more words that repeat the same sounds
rhyme
rhyme that occurs at the end of a line
end rhyme
rhyme that occurs in the middle of a line
internal rhyme
the “beat” of a poem created by stressed syllables
rhythm
beat of a poem that is countable - rhythm appears in equal intervals
meter
break, pause, or interruption in a line
caesura
a line that concludes like natural speech (with a comma or period indicating a pause)
end-stopped line
opposite of end-stopped line - line that continues, without a pause, into the next line
enjambment
a poem written in iambic pentameter with 14 lines - first 12 have rhymes that alternate lines, last 2 have their own rhyme
sonnet
poetic form in which each line has 10 syllables with 5 pairs of iambs, an unstressed syllable paired with a stressed syllable (daDA daDA daDA daDA daDA)
iambic pentameter
a poem that does not rhyme, but has five stressed beats per line
blank verse
a stanza with 3 lines
tercet
a stanza with 4 lines
quatrain
a poem containing 19 lines (5 tercets followed by 1 quatrain) - line 1 repeats in lines 6, 12, and 18 - line 3 repeats in lines 9, 15, and 19
villanelle
AKA visual poetry - a poem where the lines and words are typed in such a way to create a shape that enhances the meaning
concrete poetry
a poem with no form and no stressed beats per line - most commonly written
free verse
