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Pharm Unit 1 > 2. Physiologic Autonomic Physiology > Flashcards

2. Physiologic Autonomic Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the SA NODE? What receptor is effected? What is this type of change called?

A

Increase HR
Beta 1 (& some beta 2)
Chronotrophy

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2
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the AV NODE? What receptor is effected? What is this type of change called?

A

Increase Conduction velocity
Beta 1 (& some beta 2)
Dromotrophy

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3
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the VENTRICLE? What receptor is effected? What is this type of change called?

A

Increase contractility
Beta 1 (& some beta 2)
Inotrophy

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4
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the HEART?

A

Decrease HR @ SA node, decrease conduction velocity @ AV node & no effect on ventricle

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5
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the ARTERIOLES? What receptor is effected?

A 
Constriction
Alpha 1 (& some alpha 2)
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6
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the VEINS? What receptor is effected?

A

Constriction

Alpha 1

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7
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the vessels of the SKIN & MUCOSA? What receptor is effected?

A

Constriction

Alpha 1

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8
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the vessels of the MUSCLE? What receptor is effected?

A

Low [epi] –> beta 2 –> dilation
High [epi] –> alpha 1 –> constriction

Think when exercising need more blood to muscle, but when Epi is really high in shock & need to shunt blood to vital organs

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9
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the PERIPHERAL VESSELS (arterioles, venuoles, mucosa, skin & muscle)? What receptor is effected?

A

No physiologic role, as no parasymp innervation is present & systemic Ach is degraded too quickly to reach periphery from other sources

Are some Muscarnic receptors located in the arteriole, which can be target for treatment

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10
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the IRIS? What receptor is effected? What is this change called?

A

Dilation of pupil via Radial Muscle
Alpha 1
Mydriasis

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11
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the IRIS? What receptor is effected? What is this change called?

A

Constriction of the pupil via Schinter Muscle
Muscarinic
Miosis

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12
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the CILIARY MUSCLE? What receptor is effected? What is this change called?

A

Contraction
Muscarinic
Accomodation

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13
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the CILIARY MUSCLE? What receptor is effected? What is this change called?

A

No role

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14
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation at the SMOOTH MUSCLE of the BRONCIAL TREE? What receptor is effected?

A

Dilation

Beta 2

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15
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the SMOOTH MUSCLE of the BRONCIAL TREE? What receptor is effected?

A

Constriction

Muscarinic

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16
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on GI MOTILITY/TONE? What receptor is effected?

A

Decreased, alpha 2

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17
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on GI MOTILITY/TONE? What receptor is effected?

A

Increased

Muscarinic

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18
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on GI SPHINCTERS? What receptor is effected?

A

Relaxation

Muscarinic

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19
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on GI SPHINCTERS? What receptor is effected?

A

Constriction
Alpha 1

Don’t want to stop to go to the bathroom when you are in a fight

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20
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on MUSCLE? What receptor is effected?

A

Increase contraction

Beta 2

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21
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on MUSCLE? What receptor is effected?

A

No role

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22
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on GLYCOGEN-OLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS of the liver? What receptor is effected?

A

No role

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23
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on GLYCOGEN-OLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS of the liver? What receptor is effected?

A

Increase

Beta 2

24
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on SALIVARY GLAND? What receptor is effected?

A

Decreased blood flow –> thick/viscous secretion

Alpha 1

25
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on SALIVARY GLAND? What receptor is effected?

A

Watery secretion

Muscarinic

26
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on SWEAT GLAND? What receptor is effected?

A

Increase apocrine secretions (alpha 1)

Increase Eccrine secretions (muscarinic)

27
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on SWEAT GLAND? What receptor is effected?

A

No role

28
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the KIDNEY? What receptor is effected?

A

Increased Renin

Beta 1

29
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the KIDNEY? What receptor is effected?

A

No role

30
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the PREGNANT UTERUS? What receptor is effected?

A

No Role

31
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the PREGNANT UTERUS? What receptor is effected?

A

Relax uterus

Beta 2

32
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the BLADDER? What receptor is effected?

A

Retention
Alpha 1 on sphincter

Don’t want to stop to go to the bathroom when you are in a fight

33
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the BLADDER? What receptor is effected?

A

Urination

Muscarinic on detrusor

34
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the MALE SEXUAL FUNCTION? What receptor is effected?

A

Ejaculation
Alpha 1

Point & Shoot

35
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the MALE SEXUAL FUNCTION? What receptor is effected?

A

Erection
Muscarinic

Point & shoot

36
Q

Is parasympathetic or sympathetic usually dominant? Exceptions?

A

Parasymp almost always dominant

Sweat glands & Arterioles/veins

37
Q

Based on the concentration of the agonist, sympathetic stimulation can have 2 different effects on what type of vessel?

A

Vessels of the muscle

38
Q

What type of parasympathetic receptor has no know physiologic role, but can be used as a pharmacologic target?

A

Muscarinic receptor in arteriole

39
Q

What organs are not effected by parasympathetics?

A

Liver, Kidney, pregnant uterus, muscle, sweat glands, peripheral vessel

40
Q

When is a muscarinic receptor used in the sympathetic system?

A

Eccrine system (regular sweat glands, not scent glands)

41
Q

When is the beta 1 receptor the main receptor for sympathetic signals?

A

Heart & kidney

42
Q

When is the alpha 1 receptor the main receptor for sympathetic signals?

A

Vessels, iris, GI sphincter, salivary gland, penis & bladder Just learn the other ones & then think of alpha 1 as "everything else"

43
Q

When is the alpha 2 receptor the main receptor for sympathetic signals?

A

Reuptake of agonist on presynaptic side, GI tone

44
Q

When is the beta 2 receptor the main receptor for sympathetic signals?

A

Uterus, broncioles, liver, muscle

45
Q

What organ is not effected by sympathetic stimulation?

A

Ciliary muscle (lens)

46
Q

When does sympathetic stimulation cause relaxation or dilation?

A

Pregnant uterus, pupil, bronchioles, GI tone (not sphincter), vessels of the muscle when agonist is in low concentration

47
Q

When does parasympathetic stimulation cause constriction or increase in activity?

A

Bronchioles, pupil, ciliary muscle, salivary glands, bladder & erection

48
Q

What is the homeostatic pathway that lowers BP if it rises? Why is this clinically relevant?

A

barorecptors –> medulla –> decrease symp & increase para symp –> effect vessels, heart & kidney

This feedback mechanism can deminish the effects of treatments aimed at raising BP

49
Q

How is acetylcholine made & where are the components from?

A

Acetly Coa from crebs cycle (mitochondria) + choline from cell membrane or pumped into cell + Choline-Acetyl Transferase –> acetlycholine

50
Q

What signal molecule is the step immediately before acetylcholine release?

A

Ca release

51
Q

What breaks down acetylcholine? What different types of this enzyme are present?

A

Esterases

Selective at synapse & non-specific in systemic

52
Q

What characteristic is shared between nicotine & muscarine?

A

+ charged N

53
Q

What characteristic of nicotine (that is key to interaction with its receptor) is not found in muscarine? In muscarine but not nicotine?

A

H accepting group (aromatic N & carbonyl O)

Ester oxygen

Acetylcholine has both of these selective characteristics –> can interact with both receptors

54
Q

Immediate effect of activation of nicotinic receptor?

A

Opening of NA & K ion channels (depolarization)

55
Q

What type of Cholinergic receptor is only weakly activated by nicotine?

A

Muscle type

56
Q

Which Catecholamine is more hormone like? Which one is more nuerotransmitter like?

A

Epi

NE

Pharm Unit 1 (7 decks)

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