2 Peripheral/Autonomic NS And Spinal Cord

Question 1

Carry information away from CNS

Answer 1

Efferent

Question 2

Carry information toward CNS

Answer 2

Afferent

Question 3

Layer most prominent around nerve trunks, provides tensile strength, continuous with dura

Answer 3

Epineurium

Question 4

Layer continuous with arachnoid; blood-nerve barrier

Answer 4

Perineurium

Question 5

Layer that surrounds individual nerve fibers

Answer 5

Endoneurium

Question 6

Encapsulated receptor: Detects muscle length

Answer 6

Muscle spindles

Question 7

Encapsulated receptor: Detects muscle tension

Answer 7

Golgi tendon organs

Question 8

Enlargement of spinal cord for upper limbs (name and location?)

Answer 8

Cervical enlargement

C5-T1

Question 9

Enlargement of spinal cord for lower limbs (name and location?)

Answer 9

Lumbar enlargement

L2-S3

Question 10

Sensory or _____ fibers enter the cord via ____ roots and may terminate in the ______ or ascend to the medulla

Answer 10

Afferent

Dorsal Roots

Posterior Horn

Question 11

Motor neurons located in the _____ leave the cord thru _____, with their activity modulated by descending fibers from rostral structures

Answer 11

Anterior horn

Ventral roots

Question 12

The two sides of the spinal cord communicate thru the ____

Answer 12

Anterior white commissure

Question 13

The spinal cord cross sectional anatomy is made of H-shaped ____ matter surrounded by ____ matter funiculi

Answer 13

Gray

White

Question 14

The dorsal/posterior intermediate sulcus is only found above ___. It separates bundles of sensory fibers that arise from the:

Answer 14

T6

Leg - Fasciculus Gracilis
Arm - Fasciculus Cuneatus

Question 15

The posterior horn consists mostly of ____. It is the location of Substantia gelatinosa and Lissauer’s tract. The substantia gelatinosa monitors _____.

Answer 15

Interneurons

Pain and temperature

Question 16

The anterior horn contains motor neurons known as _____ or ____ neurons. These neurons cluster into groups, each of which innervates an individual ______.

Answer 16

Lower motor
Alpha

Muscle

Question 17

Two specialized columns in the anterior horn at cervical levels are:

Answer 17

Spinal accessory nucleus (caudal medulla to C5) - forms CN II

Phrenic Nucleus (C345 keeps the body alive)

Question 18

The preganglionic sympathetic neurons (T1-L2) are mostly located in the ______.

Answer 18

Intermediolateral cell column (lateral horn)

Question 19

Relay nucleus in intermediate spinal cord gray matter for transmission of info to cerebellum, proprioceptive info from leg.

Answer 19

Clarke’s Nucleus

T1-L2

Question 20

Lateral meningeal anchors of spinal cord: ______

Vertical meningeal anchor of spinal cord: _____

Answer 20

Denticulate ligaments

Filum terminale

Question 21

Simplest, monosynaptic reflex that involves only 2 neurons (no interneuron); believed to be important during movements/posture

Answer 21

Stretch Reflex (Deep Tendon Reflex)

Question 22

The spinal arteries supply ______ areas, but are too small to supply other areas, so they are supplemented by _____ arteries at lower levels

Answer 22

Upper cervical

Radicular

Question 23

One radicular artery, usually found at ___, is larger and known as ______. It is often a branch of a left posterior intercostal artery and supplies blood to the ______ in some people.

Answer 23

T12

Great Radicular a. (Artery of Adamkiewicz)

Entire lumbosacral cord

Question 24

Difference between somatic and autonomic NS routes:

Answer 24

Autonomic efferents do not reach their targets directly, a two-neuron chain is involved (Preganglionic in CNS, Postganglionic in ganglion)

Question 25

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic:

1. Ganglia Location:
2. Neurotransmitters:
3. SEE BOOKMARKED SLIDES

Answer 25

1. Symp- near CNS
   Para- near innervated organ
2. Symp- 1st Ach, 2nd NE
   Para- Ach