2. Perception and Mind Flashcards
In forming an image, tubes, pinholes, and lenses all solve a common problem. Which of the following best describes that problem?
a) light is scattered off surfaces in all directions from every point
b) light loses strength as it reflects off objects
c) light reflected off a surface contains many wavelengths.
d) light bends as it travels through substances, including the air, and this transformation must be corrected.
A?
What are the Four lobes of the Cortex
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
What does the frontal, parietal, occipital, and Temporal do?
Frontal: executive decision making
Parietal: Attention, Motor Planning
Occipital: Vision
Temporal: Vision, hearing
Parts of a Neuron
Dendrites:
Cell Body
Axon
Action Potential
Dendrites
receive information from other neurons
Cell Body
Contains nucleus and most cell organelles
Axon
Terminals synapse with a target cell’ sends outgoing signal (action potential)
Action Potential
Electrical signals converted to chemical release; individual units used to measure graded potentials. Causes neurotransmitter release at synapse or fires spikes along axons to synapses.
Firing Rate
Number of action potentials per second.
Determined by balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs from other cells producing the graded potential
Receptive Fields (where is it located?)
Area of the sensory receptor surface (the retina for vision) where stimulation causes the firing rate of the cell increase or decrease.
Located in the Retina
How to Measure Firing Rate
Graded Potentials (?)
Ganglion Cells
A region with concentric on and off responses.
Retinal cells receive visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types and transmit information to the brain and midbrain
P and M cells
ON vs OFF Center Cells
ON cell: neuron fires more rapidly when light is shown. on region is in center, off in surround
OFF cell: Neuron stops firing when light is shown on and off regions are spatially separate. In an off cell, off in center, on in surround
What do ON cells respond best to?
Edges
