Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Business Edexcel > 2- People in Business > Flashcards

2- People in Business Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

is about sending and receiving information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

upward communication

A

passing messages from the botom of an organisation to those at the top.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

downward communication

A

passing messages from the top of the organisation to those at the bottom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

horizontal communication

A

exchange of information between parties on the same level in an organisation’s hierarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

internal communication

A

communication between people inside the business.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

external communication

A

communication between the business and those outside such as customers, investors or the authorities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formal communication

A

use of recognised channels when communicating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Informal communication

A

use of non- approved channels when communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The effects of poor communication

A
  • Mistakes occur
  • costs rise
  • Decision making slows down
  • Staff motivation suffers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methods of communication

A
  • face to face communication
  • writen communication
  • electronic communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Writen communication

A
  • letters
  • reports
  • Memorandums
  • forms
  • Noticeboards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electronic communication

A
  • email
  • internet
  • mobile phones
  • social media
  • intranets
  • Videoconferencing and teleconferencing:
  • Public address (PA) systems.
  • Electronic noticeboards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

communication barriers

A

Obstacles that prevent effective communication between the sender and the receiver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of communication barriers

A
  • Lack of clarity.
  • Technological breakdown.
  • Poor communication skills.
  • Jargon.
  • Distractions.
  • Business culture.
  • Long chain of command
  • Using the wrong medium.
  • Different countries, languages and cultures.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The problems of ineffective communication in business

A
  • Higher staff turnover.
  • Poor customer service.
  • Higher legal costs.
  • Lower profits.
  • Damage relations with customers and suppliers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can barriers to communication can be removed?

A
  • Recruitment.
  • Training.
  • Written communication.
  • Technology.
  • Chain of command.
  • Social events.
  • Culture change.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of employment

A
  • Full-time employment.
  • Part-time employment.
  • Job share.
  • Casual employment.
  • Seasonal employment.
  • Temporary employment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hospitality industry

A

when companies entertain clients or take them on trips in order to get business.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The requirement process

A
  • Identify the type and number of staff needed.
  • Prepare a job description and person specification.
  • Advertise using appropriate media.
  • Evaluate applicants and select a shortlist for interview.
  • Provide feedback for unsuccessful applicants.
  • Evaluate interviews and appoint the best candidate.
  • Cary out interviews.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

job description

A

document that shows
clearly the tasks, duties and responsibilities expected of a worker for a particular job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

person specification

A

personal profile
of the type of person needed to do a particular job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

job application form

A

standard document used to collect information from a job applicant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

curriculum vitae

A

document used by a
job seeker that lists personal details, qualifications, work experience, referees and other details.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

induction

A

introduction of someone into a new job, company, or official position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Recruitment documents

A

Job description
Person specification.
Application form.
Crurriculum vitea (CV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

internal recruitment

A

appointing workers from inside the business.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

external recruitment

A

appointing workers from outside the business.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Legal controls over employment

A

Governments often pass legislation to protect people at work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are equal opportunities?

A

If a business chooses a person for a new job or promotion because they are more skilled and better qualified than another, this would be legal. However, it is illegal in most countries to discriminate on the grounds of gender, race, disability, sexual preference, religion or age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Some measures a business might have to take to ensure that gender discrimination is avoided in the workplace.

A
  • Advertisements for jobs must not specify a particular gender.
  • References to work titles in job adverts must be genderless.
  • Promotion must not be made on the basis of gender.
  • Wages for staff occupying the same position must be the same for both
    men and women.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ethnic origin

A

the birthplace of a group of people of a different race from the main group in acountry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Some examples of the effects of race legislation on businesses

A
  • Businesses cannot prevent employees from wearing ethnic or religious dress.
  • Businesses must take into account the religious holidays of ethnic groups.
  • Businesses cannot refuse to employ people from particular ethnic or religious groups.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How to help accommodate disabled employees?

A
  • Improve access to the workplace by widening doors and providing ramps for wheelchairs.
  • Allow disabled workers time to attend medical appointments.
  • Alter equipment such as telephones and computers to accommodate those with sight or hearing difficulties.
  • Allow more time for training.
34
Q

How to provide protection against age discrimination?

A
  • It would be illegal to not to offer a job to someone on the grounds of age.
  • Businesses should take measures to prevent older workers from being harassed in the workplace.
  • Businesses cannot refuse promotion or training on the grounds of age.
35
Q

minimum wage

A

minimum amount per hour, which most workers are entitled to be paid.

36
Q

The main reasons why governments set legal minimum wages.

A
  • To benefit disadvantaged workers.
  • To reduce poverty.
  • To help businesses: Aminimum wage should reduce staff turnover, absence and raise productivity.
37
Q

training

A

process that involves increasing the knowledge and skils of a worker to enable them to do their job more effectively.

38
Q

on-the-job training

A

training that takes place while doing the job.

39
Q

Different approaches of on-the-job training

A
  • mentoring : where people with a lot of experience and knowledge advise and help other people at work.
  • job rotation: where employees alternate between different jobs during the course of their employment.
40
Q

Advantages of on-the-job training

A
  • Output is being produced.
  • Relevant because trainees learn by actualy doing the job.
  • Cheaper than other forms of training.
  • Can be easy to organise.
41
Q

Disadvantages of on-the-job training

A
  • Output may be lost if workers make mistakes.
  • May be stressful for the worker.
  • Staff may get frustrated if they are ‘unpaid’ trainers.
  • Could be adanger to others, for example, surgeon or train driver.
42
Q

off-the-job training

A

training that takes place away from the work area.

43
Q

Advantages of off-the-job training

A
  • Output is not affected if mistakes are made.
  • Learning cannot be distracted by work.
  • Training could take place outside work hours if necessary.
  • Customers and others are not put at risk.
44
Q

Disadvantages of off-the-job training

A
  • No output because employees do not contribute to work.
  • Some off-the-job training is expensive if provided by specialists.
  • Some aspects of work cannot be taught off-the-job.
  • It may take time to organise.
45
Q

The benefits of training

A
  • keeping workers up to date.
  • improving labour flexibility.
  • improving job satisfaction and motivation.
  • new jobs in the business.
  • training for promotion.
46
Q

Why is employee motivation important in business?

A
  • easier to attract employees.
  • easier to retain employees.
  • higher labour productivity.
47
Q

Herzberg two-factory theory

A

Psychologist Frederick Herzberg discovered in the 1960s that certain factors at work would help to give employees job satisfaction. He called these motivators. He also found that other factors could leave workers dissatisfied. He called these hygiene factors.

48
Q

hygiene factors (Herzberg’s)

A

things at work that result in dissatisfaction.

49
Q

motivators (Herzberg’s)

A

things at work that result in satisfaction

50
Q

Examples of motivators (Herzberg’s)

A
  • Achieving aims
  • Chance of promotion
  • Responsibility Interesting work
  • Recognition
  • Personal development
51
Q

Examples of hygiene factors (Herzberg’s)

A
  • Pay
  • Working conditions
  • Job security
  • Quality of supervision
  • Staff relationships
  • Company policy
52
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

order of people’s needs starting with basic human needs.

53
Q

The pyramid of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • Physiological needs
  • safety and security
  • social needs
  • esteem needs
  • self actualisation
54
Q

remuneration

A

money paid to employees for their work or services

55
Q

The different methods of remuneration

A
  • Time rates
  • Piece rates
  • Performance - related pay
  • Bonus payment
  • Commission
56
Q

Time rates

A

payment system based on the amount of time employees spend at work.

57
Q

Piece rate

A

payment system where workers receive an amount of money for each unit produced

58
Q

performance-related pay

A

payment system designed for non-manual workers where pay increases are given if performance targets are met

59
Q

Bonus systems payment

A

payment in addition to the basic wage for reaching targets or in recognition for service.

60
Q

Commission

A

payment based on the value of sales, usually apercentage of sales made.

61
Q

fringe benefits

A

perks’ over and above the normal wage or salary

62
Q

Job rotation

A

One way to make work more interesting is to allow employees to change jobs from time to time.

63
Q

job enrichment

A

making a job more challenging and interesting

64
Q

autonomy

A

giving workers the authority to make choices and decisions about the way they work (sometimes caled empowerment)

65
Q

formal organisation

A

internal structure of abusiness as shown by an organisation chart

66
Q

organisational chart

A

diagram that shows the different job roles in a business and how they relate to each other

67
Q

hierarchy

A

order or levels of responsibility in an organisation from the lowest to the highest.

68
Q

Directors

A

Directors are appointed by the owners to run the business.
The business is divided into four departments: Production, Marketing, Human Resources and Finance. A director runs each of these departments.

69
Q

Managers

A

Managers have a number of functions. They are responsible for planning, controling, organising, motivating, problem solving and decision making. However, their overall role is to achieve the objectives of the owners.

70
Q

Supervisors

A
  • Supervisors monitor the work in their particular area.
  • Supervisors may carry out managerial duties, but at a lower level.
71
Q

General staff

A

Businesses often employ staff that do not have any specific skills. However, with training they can perform a variety of tasks and gain promotion to other positions.

72
Q

Professional staff

A

Professional staff are skilled and highly trained. Examples include lawyers, accountants, doctors, pilots and dentists.

73
Q

chain of command

A

route through which orders are passed down in the hierarchy

74
Q

subordinates

A

people in the hierarchy who work under the control of a more senior worker.

75
Q

delegation

A

authority to pass down work from superior ot subordinate.

76
Q

span of control

A

number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business.

77
Q

centralised

A

type of organisation system where most decisions are made at the top of the organisation and then passed down the chain of command.

78
Q

decentralised

A

type of organisation system where decision making is pushed down the
chain of command and away from the top

79
Q

The main tasks completed by the human resource (HR) department

A
  • Workforce planning
  • Recruitment and selection
  • Training
  • Health and safety
  • Staff welfare
  • Employment issues
  • Industrial relations
  • Disciplinary and grievance procedures
  • Dismissal
  • Redundancy
80
Q

The main tasks completed by the finance department

A
  • Recording transactions
  • Wages and salaries
  • Credit control
  • Cash flow forecasting and budgets
  • Accounts
81
Q

The main tasks completed by the marketing department

A
  • Market research
  • Product planning
  • pricing
  • sales promotion
  • Advertising
  • customer service
  • public relations
  • Packaging
  • Distribution
82
Q

The main tasks completed by the production department

A
  • Design
  • Purchasing
  • Stock control
  • Maintenance
  • Research and development (R&D)

Business Edexcel (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions