2. Origil of Soil and Grain-Size Analysis

Question 1

They are formed by many kinds of individual mineralparticles. Most soils that cover the surface of the earthare formed by weathering.

Answer 1

Soils

Question 2

It is the process of breaking down rocks by mechanical and chemical processes into smaller pieces.

Answer 2

Weathering

Question 3

is the process by which rocks are broken into smaller and smaller pieces by physical forces, including running water, wind, ocean waves, glacier ice, frost, and expansion and contraction caused by the gain and loss of heat.

Answer 3

Mechanical Weathering

Question 4

is the process of chemical decomposition of the original rock. The original material may be changed to something entirely different.

Answer 4

Chemical Weathering

Question 5

The soils formed by the weathered products at their place of origin are called

Answer 5

Residual soils

If the soil is permanent

Question 6

Is when the soil is contaminated by water

Answer 6

Saturated Soil

Question 7

It is when there is purely no water content in the soil

Answer 7

Dry Soil

Question 8

It is when the soil has water but not too saturated

Answer 8

Moist Soil

Question 9

Formed by transportation and deposition of glaciers.

Answer 9

GLACIAL SOIL

Question 10

transported by running water and deposited along streams

Answer 10

ALLUVIAL SOIL

Question 11

formed by deposition in lakes

Answer 11

LACUSTRINE SOIL

Question 12

formed by deposition in the seas

Answer 12

MARINE SOIL

Question 13

transported and deposited by wind

Answer 13

AEOLIAN SOIL

Question 14

formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity, such as during landslides.

Answer 14

COLLUVIAL SOIL

Question 15

Are materials that are natural (not only living things). It needs to be removed due to it able to absorb water up to 200%

Answer 15

Organic Materials

Question 16

Common Organic Materials Found

Answer 16

fibers of wood and fat of
human/animal waste.

Question 17

Determine the difference between
* Gravel
* Sand
* Silt
* Clay

Answer 17

1.)
For Construction: Gravel and Sand
For Agriculture: Silt and Clay

2.)
Gravel and Sand are cubical in shape and can’t abosrb water
Silt is maybe cubical or flake-shaped while clay is mostly flake-shaped but both can absorb water

3.)
Gravel and Sand are cohesionless soil meaning they can’t mold easily
Silt and Clay are cohesive soil meaning they can mold easily

4.)
Coarse Soil/Aggregates: Gravel and Sand
Fine Soil/Aggregates: Silt and Clay

Question 18

Particles of clay minerals are small and usually ________________, so that in nature there is a layer of adsorbed water formed on the surface of the particle.

Answer 18

negatively charged

Question 19

It has a low swelling capacity and relatively stable structure, which means it is less likely to experience significant volume changes with moisture fluctuations.

Answer 19

Kaolinite

Question 20

how is kaolinite use in construction

Answer 20

It contributes to good bearing capacity and less risk of foundation heave or settlement.

Question 21

it has intermediate swelling and plasticity compared to kaolinite and montmorillonite. It has a stable structure but can still experience some volume change with moisture

Answer 21

Illite

Question 22

It is known for its high swelling capacity and significant plasticity. It can undergo substantial volume changes with changes in moisture content.

Answer 22

Montmorillonite

Question 23

It is defined as the ratio of the unit weight of a given material to the unit weight of water.

Answer 23

Specific gravity

Question 24

It is the determination of the size range of particles present in a soil, expressed as a percentage of the total dry weight.

Answer 24

Mechanical analysis

Question 25

Are piled up with a pan at the bottom. Soil sample is placed into the sieve at the top which has the largest opening and then shaken for a required amount of time.

Answer 25

Sieve Analysis

Question 26

It is based on Stoke’s law (principle of sedimentation of soil grains in water). It assumes that all the soil particles are spheres, and the terminal velocity of soil particles is proportional to the grain size. By measuring the density of soil-water at different time of sedimentation, the grain size is indirectly determined.

Answer 26

Hydrometer analysis