2 Organisation - Animals and Plants

Question 1

What is plasma in the blood?

Answer 1

Yellow liquid that carries blood cells, proteins and dissolved substances around the body

Question 2

What are red blood cells?

Answer 2

Biconcave cells that have haemoglobin - carry oxygen

Question 3

Name the pigment found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

Answer 3

Haemoglobin

Question 4

Which organ system transports substances to and from body cells?

Answer 4

Circulatory system

Question 5

State the functions of white blood cells.

Answer 5

Engult pathogens, produce antibodies and antitoxins

Question 6

How does being biconcave help red blood cells with their function?

Answer 6

Increase SA:V for efficient diffusion

Question 7

How is not having a nucleus good for red blood cells?

Answer 7

More space to pack more haemoglobin

Question 8

State the function of platelets.

Answer 8

Blood clotting

Question 9

Name the blood vessel type that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

Answer 9

Artery

Question 10

Name the blood vessel type that carries blood from the organs back to the heart.

Answer 10

Vein

Question 11

Name the blood vessel type that is found within organs that link arteries and veins.

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

State a structural difference between arteries and veins.

Answer 12

A: thicker walls, more elastic tissue, no valves; V: thinner walls, less elastic tissues, have valves

Question 13

State a difference in the blood flowing in arteries and veins.

Answer 13

A: oxygenated, more nutrients, less wastes; V: deoxygenated, less nutrients, more wastes

Question 14

The flow of blood in veins relies on ??????

Answer 14

Skeletal muscle contraction

Question 15

Why can substances diffuse easily between capillaries and the cells?

Answer 15

Thin capillary walls (one cell thick)

Question 16

What is the double circulatory system?

Answer 16

One part carries blood between heart and lungs; the other carries blood between heart and other organs

Question 17

Name the vessels that supply oxygen to the heart muscles.

Answer 17

Coronary arteries

Question 18

Name the large vessel that brings deoxygenated blood back into the heart.

Answer 18

Vena cava

Question 19

Name the upper chambers of the heart.

Answer 19

Atria

Question 20

Name the lower chambers of the heart.

Answer 20

Ventricles

Question 21

Name the vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Answer 21

Pulmonary artery

Question 22

Name the vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Answer 22

Pulmonary vein

Question 23

Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood - right or left?

Answer 23

Right

Question 24

Describe the flow of blood as atria of the heart contract.

Answer 24

Blood flows from atria down to ventricles

Question 25

Name the large vessel that brings oxygenated blood out of the heart to the body.

Answer 25

Aorta

Question 26

Why is the muscle wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

Answer 26

To generate more pressure to force blood all over the body (left side only to lungs)

Question 27

What is the function of heart valves?

Answer 27

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 28

Name a method to unblock a coronary artery in the heart.

Answer 28

Stent

Question 29

Name a drug that reduces blood cholesterol levels.

Answer 29

Statins

Question 30

What can be used to replace a damaged heart valve?

Answer 30

Biological or mechanical valves

Question 31

What is a natural pacemaker?

Answer 31

A group of cells in the right atrium that controls the resting heart rate

Question 32

Briefly describe how an artificial pacemaker works.

Answer 32

Sends strong, regular electrical signals to the heart to stimulate it to contract properly

Question 33

How are artificial hearts used to treat patients with a damaged heart?

Answer 33

A temporary treatment while waiting for heart transplant

Question 34

Outline the flow of air from the atmosphere into our lungs, starting from the nasal cavity.

Answer 34

Nasal cavity trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

Question 35

What two structures change the pressure inside the chest cavity to ventilate lungs?

Answer 35

Intercostal muscles + Diaphragm

Question 36

Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe in.

Answer 36

Contracts and flattens

Question 37

Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe out.

Answer 37

Relaxes and return to dome shape

Question 38

State the function of the ribcage.

Answer 38

Protect the heart and lungs

Question 39

State one adaptation of the lungs for efficient gas exchange.

Answer 39

Lots of alveoli to increase surface area; Rich blood supply/Extensive capillary network; Thin walls (one cell thick)

Question 40

Why is it important for the lungs to have a rich blood supply?

Answer 40

Maintain steep concentration gradient for efficient diffusion

Question 41

Name the tissue that covers and protects the surface of plants.

Answer 41

Epidermal tissue

Question 42

Name the part of the plant that waterproofs the leaf surface.

Answer 42

Waxy cuticle

Question 43

Name the cell that contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Answer 43

Palisade mesophyll cells

Question 44

Briefly explain an adaptation of spongy mesophyll tissue in plants.

Answer 44

Big air spaces and large surface area for efficient gas diffusion

Question 45

Briefly describe the arrangement of xylem and phloem in the stem of a plant.

Answer 45

Organised in bundles, with xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside

Question 46

State the function of xylem.

Answer 46

Transports water and mineral ions from roots to other parts of the plants

Question 47

Name the process of the transport of dissoved sugars in plants.

Answer 47

Translocation

Question 48

State the function of phloem.

Answer 48

Transports dissolved sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 49

Which part of the plant allows gases to diffuse in and out of leaves?

Answer 49

Stomata

Question 50

What controls the opening and closing of stomata?

Answer 50

Guard cells

Question 51

Define 'transpiration'.

Answer 51

Loss of water vapour by evaporation from the leaf surface through stomata

Question 52

Briefly describe the transpiration stream.

Answer 52

Constant movement of water through xylem from roots to leaves

Question 53

Increasing the rate of photosynthesis will ?????(increase/decrease) the rate of transpiration.

Answer 53

Increase

Question 54

How does temperature affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 54

Higher temp increases rate

Question 55

How does humidity affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 55

Higher humidity decreases rate

Question 56

How does wind or air flow affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 56

More wind increases rate (as maintains steep conc gradient)

Question 57

How does light intensity affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 57

More light increases rate

Question 58

Name the equipment used to estimate transpiration rate.

Answer 58

Potometer