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Ethmoid Bulla aka Oral Histology Exam 2 > 2 Oral Mucosa Overview > Flashcards

2 Oral Mucosa Overview Flashcards

1
Q

turnover of epithelium is impacted by what?

A

keratinization, stratification, and functional demands

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of oral epithelium

A
  1. SSNK
  2. SSPK
  3. SSK (stratified squamous orthokeretatinized meaning within oral cavity)
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3
Q

what primary cell type gives rise to SSK, SSPK, and SSNK?

A

keratinocyte

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4
Q

what produces keratin (cytokeratin) proteins?

A

keratinocyte

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5
Q

what provides structural support and minimizes mechanical stress?

A

keratin (cytokeratin) proteins

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6
Q

production of ___ results in eosinophilia of cytoplasm

A

keratin

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7
Q

what contains proteins that aggregate cytokeratin (intermediate filament) produced by stratum granulosum?

A

keratohyalin granules

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8
Q

what is a single layer of stem cells that self renews and gives rise to amplifying daughter cells (stratum spinosum)

A

stratum basale

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9
Q

how is stratum basal bound to basement membrane?

A

hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

stratum basal is found in which types of epithelium?

A

SSK, SSNK, and SSPK

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11
Q

how do keratinocytes mature?

A

upward migration and increase in size

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12
Q

turnover time of keratinocyte

A

dependent on cell proliferation and migration thru layers, ending in desquamation (shedding)

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13
Q

describe this interaction:
during development, the underlying lamina propria (CT) determines the type of epithelium

A

epithelial-mesenchyme interaction

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14
Q

epithelium can respond to environmental stimuli and alter phenotype resulting in:

A

adaptive response

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15
Q

what is the time to move from stratum basal to surface?

A

turnover rate

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16
Q

what are the turnover rate influencing factors?

A
  1. proliferation rate
  2. degree of keratinization
  3. stratification
  4. environment/external factors
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17
Q

is non-keratinized or keratinized slower?

A

keratinized is slower

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18
Q

what are environmental/external factors that affect turnover rate

A
  1. chemotherapeutics
  2. acute inflammation (increase turnover)
  3. severe inflammation (decrease turnover)
  4. frictional forces
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19
Q

outcomes of turnover

A
  1. desquamation (shedding, exfoliation)
  2. atrophy (loss of epithelium)
  3. hyperplasia (increased cell number)
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20
Q

does desquamation prevent bacterial colonization?

A

YES

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21
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

thick skin

A

SSK

40-55 days

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22
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

thin skin

A

SSK

30-40 days

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23
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

hard palate

A

SSPK

24 days

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24
Q

type of epithelium and turnover (days) of:

buccal

A

SSNK

14 days

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25
Q

what percentage of each type of mucosa makes of the oral mucosa?

A
  1. Lining mucosa - 60%
  2. Masticatory mucosa - 30%
  3. Specialized mucosa - 10%
26
Q

are nuclei present from basal to superficial surface in lining mucosa epithelium?

27
Q

what epithelium is exposed to frictional masticatory forces of varying degrees?

A

masticatory mucosa epithelium

28
Q

do superficial cells lose their nuclei in SSPK of masticatory epithelium?

29
Q

are nuclei lost in stratum corneum of SSK in masticatory mucosa epithelium?

30
Q

specialized mucosa is found on what surface of the tongue?

A

dorsal surface

31
Q

specialized mucosa is found on what portion of the lip?

A

vermillion zone

(highly vascularized, no lingual papilla, SSK, and no glands)

32
Q

key histological feature of oral epithelium surface:

SSNK

A
  1. nuclei present
  2. surface cells appear light, vacuolated, flattened but larger in size
  3. karatin filaments DISPERSED
  4. cell layer hydrated
33
Q

key histological feature of oral epithelium surface:

SSPK

A
  1. retained pyknotic nuclei and organelles
  2. surface appears as flattened (dehydrates)
  3. kertatin filamens form large BUNDLES
  4. color change of superficial layer
34
Q

key histological feature of oral epithelium surface:

SSK (ortho)

A
  1. NO nuclei, no organelles in surface layer
  2. surface layer flattened, dehydrated non-vital cells called squames
  3. keratin filaments form large BUNDLES on surface
35
Q

what are epithelium projections into underlying CT that aid in adhesion

A

rete ridges

36
Q

what are CT that interdigitates with rete ridges

A

CT papilla

37
Q

extent of interdigitation influences the mechanical strength of tissue helps with: ____?

A

indentification

38
Q

contents of lamina propria

A
  1. ducts of salivary glands
  2. few sebaceous glands
  3. capillaries
39
Q

cell types of lamina propria

A
  1. lymphocytes (B and T cells)
  2. neutrophils
  3. macrophages
  4. dendritic cells
  5. fibroblasts
40
Q

layers of lamina propria

A
  1. papillary: superficial layer - LCT contributes to CT papilla
  2. reticular: deeper - DICT
41
Q

submucosa in lamina propria

A

*may be absent
may be LCT w/ high amounts of adipose or more DICT w/ less adipose

42
Q

contents of submucosa

A

adipose, MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS, larger blood vessels and nerve fascicles

43
Q

what detemines the flexibility of a region

44
Q

what is the region where submucosa is absent and LP attaches directly to periosteum of bone

A

mucoperiosteum

45
Q

what are regional variations of oral mucosa

A
  1. differences due to functional demands
  2. extent of epithelial keratinization
  3. degree of epithelial CT interface
  4. composition/structures within LP
  5. presence or absence of submucosa
  6. overall thickness of mucosa
46
Q

functions of oral mucosa

A
  1. protection against mechanical forces
  2. physical barrier to microorganism, toxins, and antigens
  3. provide immunological defense via humoral and cell mediate immune respons
47
Q

numerous glands are found throughout ___ within oral mucosa

48
Q

function of minor salivary glands

A
  1. keep oral mucosa moist
  2. provide protection
  3. provide lubrication and buffering capacity
49
Q

function and appearance of serous glands

A
  • secrete water/serous secretions
  • stains very eosinophilic due to proteins in secretion
  • aids in taste perception
50
Q

location of serous glands

A
  • anterior sulcus terminalis of tongue
  • circumvallate and foliate lingual papillae
51
Q

function and appearance of mucous glands

A
  • secrete viscous (mucous) secretions
  • appears pale staining with H/E due to mucin glycoproteins
52
Q

location of mucous glands

A
  • areas requiring lubrication due to functional role in bolus formation
  • e.g. soft palate, posterior hard palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue
53
Q

function of mixed glands

A

produce mixed secretions where distribution is not equal

54
Q

location of mixed glands

A
  • areas required to keep epithelium moist associated w/ lining mucosa
  • e.g. ventral anterior 2/3 of tongue, labial buccal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal submucosa)
55
Q

innervations to oral cavity mucosa provide what?

A
  1. general sensory (GSA)
  2. taste (SVA)
  3. secretomotor (GVE)
56
Q

sensory receptors in oral mucosa

A
  1. nociceptors (pain)
  2. mechano receptors (touch, pressure, and vibration)
  3. chemoreceptors (taste)
  4. thermorecepors (temp)
57
Q

fiber types for nociceptors

A
  1. alpha-delta: free nerve endings, lightly myelinated
  2. c-fibers: unmyelinated
58
Q

fiber types for mechanoreceptors

A

alpha-beta: free or encapsulated nerve endings

59
Q

fiber types for thermoreceptors

A

alpha-delta

60
Q

what are changes in the extent of keratinization that may occur as a physiological ADAPTIVE RESPONSE due to chronic irritation or trauma?

A

hyperkeratosis

61
Q

Can hyperkeratosis occur in non-keratinized epithelium?

A

YES - but often requires biopsy

Ethmoid Bulla aka Oral Histology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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