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Oncology > 2: Oncology Emergencies- Hypercalcaemia > Flashcards

2: Oncology Emergencies- Hypercalcaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What defines Hypercalcaemia

A

> 2.6 mmol/L

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2
Q

What defines Hypercalcaemia

A

> 2.6 mmol/L

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3
Q

What is the biggest cause of Hypercalcaemia in hospitalised patients

A

Malignancy

Community = hyperparathyroidism

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4
Q

In cancer, what causes Hypercalcaemia

A
  • Osteolysis
  • Paraneoplastic
  • Dehydration
  • Myeloma: causes renal failure leading to high calcium
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5
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with Hypercalcaemia and what cancer is it released from

A

PTHrp - released from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

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6
Q

What cancers commonly cause Hypercalcaemia

A 
Breast 
Myeloma 
Squamous cell carcinoma 
Prostate 
Lymphoma
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7
Q

Wha tis mnemonic to remember symptoms of Hypercalcaemia

A

Stones, Bones Growns and Psychic Overtones

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8
Q

What are symptoms of Hypercalcaemia

A

Stones:
- Calcium Oxalate Neprholithiasis

Bones:

  • Arthalgia
  • Fractures

Groans:

  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Pancreatitis
  • Arrhythmia
  • HTN
  • Polyuria

Psychic overtones:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
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9
Q

What will be seen on ECG in Hypercalcaemia

A

Shortened QT Interval

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10
Q

What does free calcium depend on

A
  • Albumin
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11
Q

When should Hypercalcaemia be treated

A

In malignancy, always treat calcium above 3 even if minimal or no symptoms

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12
Q

Explain management of Hypercalcaemia

A 
IV Fluids (0.9% Saline) 
Furosemide - only give when euvolaemic
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13
Q

What is the biggest cause of Hypercalcaemia in hospitalised patients

A

Malignancy

Community = hyperparathyroidism

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14
Q

In cancer, what causes Hypercalcaemia

A
  • Osteolysis
  • Paraneoplastic
  • Dehydration
  • Myeloma: causes renal failure leading to high calcium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with Hypercalcaemia and what cancer is it released from

A

PTHrp - released from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cancers commonly cause Hypercalcaemia

A 
Breast 
Myeloma 
Squamous cell carcinoma 
Prostate 
Lymphoma
17
Q

Wha tis mnemonic to remember symptoms of Hypercalcaemia

A

Stones, Bones Growns and Psychic Overtones

18
Q

What are symptoms of Hypercalcaemia

A

Stones:
- Calcium Oxalate Neprholithiasis

Bones:

  • Arthalgia
  • Fractures

Groans:

  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Pancreatitis
  • Arrhythmia
  • HTN
  • Polyuria

Psychic overtones:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
19
Q

What will be seen on ECG in Hypercalcaemia

A

Shortened QT Interval

20
Q

What does free calcium depend on

A
  • Albumin
21
Q

When should Hypercalcaemia be treated

A

In malignancy, always treat calcium above 3 even if minimal or no symptoms

22
Q

Explain management of Hypercalcaemia

A 
IV Fluids (0.9% Saline) 
Furosemide - only give when euvolaemic

Oncology (5 decks)

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