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[Board Exam] Pathology > [2] Neoplasia > Flashcards

[2] Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Neoplasia

A
  1. Monoclonal
  2. Uncontrolled
  3. Irreversible
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2
Q

What can you use to determine monoclonality of a cell line?

A

G6PD Isoform

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3
Q

Clonality of B Cells can be determined via which method?

A

Ig Light Chain Phenotype

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4
Q

Aflatoxins usually cause what kind of carcinomas?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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5
Q

Alkylating agents are associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Lymphoma

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6
Q

Asbestos is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Lung cancer and Mesothelioma

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7
Q

Arsenic is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lung Cancer
Angiosarcoma

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8
Q

Patients exposed to asbestos are more prone to developing this kind of cancer

A

Lung Cancer > Mesothelioma

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9
Q

Most carcinogenic component of cigarette smoke

A

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons

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10
Q

Nitrosamines are associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Stomach Cancer

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11
Q

EBV is associated with which cancers?

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
CNS Lymphoma

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12
Q

EBV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is associated with these kinds of patients

A

Chinese Males

African Americans

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13
Q

HHV-8 is associated with which cancer?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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14
Q

HBV and HCV are associated with which cancer?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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15
Q

What are the high risk HPV subtypes?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

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16
Q

Ionizing radiation is commonly associated with this cancer

A

AML
CML
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (Most common)

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17
Q

Most common source of non-ionizing radiation

A

UV-B (Sunlight)

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18
Q

Astrocytomas are related to which oncogene overexpression?

A

PDGFB

Platelet Derived Growth Factor B

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19
Q

Overexpression of ERB2B2 (HER2/Neu) is linked to what kind of cancers?

A

Breast Carcinoma

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20
Q

Overexpression of RET is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

MEN 2A
MEN 2B

(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia)

Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

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21
Q

Overexpression of KIT is associated with what kind of tumors?

A

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

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22
Q

What category of protooncogene is HER2/Neu

A

Growth Factor Receptor

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23
Q

What category of protooncogene is PDGF

A

Growth Factor

24
Q

What category of protooncogene is RAS GEne Family

A

Signal Transducers

25
What category of protooncogene is c-MYC
Nuclear Regulators
26
What category of protooncogene is CDK4
Cell Cycle Regulation
27
What category of protooncogene is RET
Growth Factor Receptor
28
What category of protooncogene is KIT
Growth Factor Receptor
29
What category of protooncogene is CCND1
Cell Cycle Regulation
30
RAS associates with GTP to send signals, what protein helps cleave a phosphate off GTP to turn it off?
GTP-ase Associated Protein | GAP
31
ABL protooncogene overexpression is associated with which cancers?
CML | Some ALLs
32
Philadelphia Chromosome is a translocation of which gene? Which cancer is it associated with?
Translocation of Chromosome 9 and 22 ALL
33
Burkitt Lymphoma is associated with which protooncogene?
c-MYC
34
N-MYC upregulation is associated with which tumor?
Neuroblastoma
35
Burkitt Lymphoma is caused by a translocation of the MYC gene from which chromosome to the IgH of which chromosome?
IgH of Chromosome 14 to the MYC gene of Chromosome 8 t(8,14)
36
CCND1 (Cyclin D1) is associated with which tumors?
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
37
How does an overexpression of Cyclin D1 cause unregulated growth
Allows the cell to go from G1 to S phase
38
Mantle Cell Lymphoma is caused by a translocation of which genes on which chromosomes?
Translocation of the IgH on Chromosome 14 and the CCND1 on Chromosome 11 t(11,14)
39
What is the hallmark of malignancy?
Metastatic Potential
40
What intermediate filament is associated with Epithelium?
Keratin
41
What intermediate filament is associated with Mesenchyme?
Vimentin
42
What intermediate filament is associated with Muscle?
Desmin
43
What intermediate filament is associated with Neuroglia?
GFAP
44
What intermediate filament is associated with Neurons?
Neurofilament
45
If a specimen is PSA positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?
Prostatic Epithelium
46
If a specimen is Chromogranin positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?
Neuroendocrine Cells
47
If a specimen is S-100 positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?
Melanoma
48
A pathologist reports that a tumor specimen is keratin positive, what type of tumor are you dealing with? A. Carcinoma B. Melanoma C. Lymphoma D. Sarcoma
A. Carcinoma | Epithelium-derived due to Keratin
49
What is the serum tumor marker released by prostate cancer?
PSA
50
Single most important prognostic factor for malignant tumors
Metastasis
51
How does downregulation of E-Cadherin promote invasion and local growth?
Cadherins keep cells attached to one another, destruction allows the cell to spread locally
52
The Basement Membrane is composed of?
Laminin | Collagen IV
53
What do malignant cells attach to in the extracellular matrix to spread locally?
Fibronectin
54
What is the characteristic spread of carcinomas?
Lymphatic Spread
55
What is the characteristic spread of sarcomas?
Hematogenous Spread
56
Which carcinomas spread hematogenously?
Renal Cell Carcinoma (Renal Vein) Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatic Vein) Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Choriocarcinoma
57
What is the characteristic spread of ovarian carcinoma?
Body cavity seeding (Omentum of the abdomen)

[Board Exam] Pathology (5 decks)

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