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[Board Exam] Pathology > [2] Neoplasia > Flashcards

[2] Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Neoplasia

A
  1. Monoclonal
  2. Uncontrolled
  3. Irreversible
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2
Q

What can you use to determine monoclonality of a cell line?

A

G6PD Isoform

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3
Q

Clonality of B Cells can be determined via which method?

A

Ig Light Chain Phenotype

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4
Q

Aflatoxins usually cause what kind of carcinomas?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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5
Q

Alkylating agents are associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Lymphoma

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6
Q

Asbestos is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Lung cancer and Mesothelioma

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7
Q

Arsenic is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lung Cancer
Angiosarcoma

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8
Q

Patients exposed to asbestos are more prone to developing this kind of cancer

A

Lung Cancer > Mesothelioma

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9
Q

Most carcinogenic component of cigarette smoke

A

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons

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10
Q

Nitrosamines are associated with what kind of cancers?

A

Stomach Cancer

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11
Q

EBV is associated with which cancers?

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
CNS Lymphoma

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12
Q

EBV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is associated with these kinds of patients

A

Chinese Males

African Americans

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13
Q

HHV-8 is associated with which cancer?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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14
Q

HBV and HCV are associated with which cancer?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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15
Q

What are the high risk HPV subtypes?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

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16
Q

Ionizing radiation is commonly associated with this cancer

A

AML
CML
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (Most common)

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17
Q

Most common source of non-ionizing radiation

A

UV-B (Sunlight)

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18
Q

Astrocytomas are related to which oncogene overexpression?

A

PDGFB

Platelet Derived Growth Factor B

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19
Q

Overexpression of ERB2B2 (HER2/Neu) is linked to what kind of cancers?

A

Breast Carcinoma

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20
Q

Overexpression of RET is associated with what kind of cancers?

A

MEN 2A
MEN 2B

(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia)

Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

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21
Q

Overexpression of KIT is associated with what kind of tumors?

A

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

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22
Q

What category of protooncogene is HER2/Neu

A

Growth Factor Receptor

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23
Q

What category of protooncogene is PDGF

A

Growth Factor

24
Q

What category of protooncogene is RAS GEne Family

A

Signal Transducers

25
Q

What category of protooncogene is c-MYC

A

Nuclear Regulators

26
Q

What category of protooncogene is CDK4

A

Cell Cycle Regulation

27
Q

What category of protooncogene is RET

A

Growth Factor Receptor

28
Q

What category of protooncogene is KIT

A

Growth Factor Receptor

29
Q

What category of protooncogene is CCND1

A

Cell Cycle Regulation

30
Q

RAS associates with GTP to send signals, what protein helps cleave a phosphate off GTP to turn it off?

A

GTP-ase Associated Protein

GAP

31
Q

ABL protooncogene overexpression is associated with which cancers?

A

CML

Some ALLs

32
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome is a translocation of which gene? Which cancer is it associated with?

A

Translocation of Chromosome 9 and 22

ALL

33
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma is associated with which protooncogene?

A

c-MYC

34
Q

N-MYC upregulation is associated with which tumor?

A

Neuroblastoma

35
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma is caused by a translocation of the MYC gene from which chromosome to the IgH of which chromosome?

A

IgH of Chromosome 14 to the MYC gene of Chromosome 8

t(8,14)

36
Q

CCND1 (Cyclin D1) is associated with which tumors?

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

37
Q

How does an overexpression of Cyclin D1 cause unregulated growth

A

Allows the cell to go from G1 to S phase

38
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma is caused by a translocation of which genes on which chromosomes?

A

Translocation of the IgH on Chromosome 14 and the CCND1 on Chromosome 11

t(11,14)

39
Q

What is the hallmark of malignancy?

A

Metastatic Potential

40
Q

What intermediate filament is associated with Epithelium?

A

Keratin

41
Q

What intermediate filament is associated with Mesenchyme?

A

Vimentin

42
Q

What intermediate filament is associated with Muscle?

A

Desmin

43
Q

What intermediate filament is associated with Neuroglia?

A

GFAP

44
Q

What intermediate filament is associated with Neurons?

A

Neurofilament

45
Q

If a specimen is PSA positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?

A

Prostatic Epithelium

46
Q

If a specimen is Chromogranin positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?

A

Neuroendocrine Cells

47
Q

If a specimen is S-100 positive under immunohistochemistry, what kind of cell is the specimen?

A

Melanoma

48
Q

A pathologist reports that a tumor specimen is keratin positive, what type of tumor are you dealing with?

A. Carcinoma
B. Melanoma
C. Lymphoma
D. Sarcoma

A

A. Carcinoma

Epithelium-derived due to Keratin

49
Q

What is the serum tumor marker released by prostate cancer?

A

PSA

50
Q

Single most important prognostic factor for malignant tumors

A

Metastasis

51
Q

How does downregulation of E-Cadherin promote invasion and local growth?

A

Cadherins keep cells attached to one another, destruction allows the cell to spread locally

52
Q

The Basement Membrane is composed of?

A

Laminin

Collagen IV

53
Q

What do malignant cells attach to in the extracellular matrix to spread locally?

A

Fibronectin

54
Q

What is the characteristic spread of carcinomas?

A

Lymphatic Spread

55
Q

What is the characteristic spread of sarcomas?

A

Hematogenous Spread

56
Q

Which carcinomas spread hematogenously?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma (Renal Vein)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatic Vein)
Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Choriocarcinoma

57
Q

What is the characteristic spread of ovarian carcinoma?

A

Body cavity seeding (Omentum of the abdomen)

[Board Exam] Pathology (5 decks)

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