2. Intro To Python

Question 1

What is the library “BeautifulSoup” used for?

Answer 1

BeautifulSoup is the Python standard for scraping data from websites

Question 2

How do you write comments?

Answer 2

Add a # at the start of the line

Question 3

What is the convention for naming python variables?

Answer 3

all lowercase letters, with words separated by underscores,

eg. “assists_per_game”

Question 4

How would you insert variables inside a string?

Answer 4

Do that using an f-string (add the letter f just preceding the quotation mark), with variables between curly brackets

eg.

f’{description} by {starting_fwd}!’

Question 5

What string method allows you to capitalize all letters?

Answer 5

.upper()

Question 6

How would you replace something in a string?

Answer 6

Use the .replace() method.

eg.
‘Cristiano Ronaldo, Man U’.replace(‘Man U’, ‘Real Madrid’)

This will output a string that literally replaces “Man U” by “Real Madrid”

Question 7

What method allows you to remove whitespace from a string?

Answer 7

.lstrip()

’ lionel messi’.lstrip()

–> becomes:
‘lionel messi’

Question 8

What is the difference between = and ==?

Answer 8

= is an assignment operator

== is equals (checks a variable for a result)

Question 9

What are “strings, integers, floats and bools” called?

Answer 9

Primitives
–> They are the basic building block types

Question 10

What are “lists and dicts” called?

Answer 10

Containers
(Sometimes also called “collections”)

–> Because they hold other values

Question 11

How can you recognise a list?

Answer 11

Uses square brackets,

eg.
roster_list = [‘ruben dias’, ‘gabriel jesus’, ‘riyad mahrez’]

Question 12

How do you return one element from a list?

Answer 12

print(roster_list[0])

–> Prints the first item in the list

Question 13

What is a section of a list called?

Answer 13

A slice

Question 14

How do you return a section of a list? (a slice?)

Answer 14

A slice returns from the first up to the last number,

roster_list[0:2]

–> Prints the first two items in the list

Question 15

What do dicts have?

Answer 15

Keys and values,

roster_dict = {‘CB’: ‘ruben dias’, ‘CF’: ‘gabriel jesus’, ‘RW’: ‘riyad mahrez’}

In this case ‘CB’ is a key and ‘ruben dias is a value’

Question 16

What is a “loop”?

Answer 16

Loops are a way to “do something” for every item in a collection

Question 17

How would you use a loop to capitalize all elements in a string?

Answer 17

roster_list = [‘………’, “……..”, “……”]
roster_list_upper = [’’, ‘’, ‘’]

For name in roster_list:
roster_list_upper[i] = name.title()
i = i + a

Question 18

What are “list comprehensions”?

Answer 18

When you want to go from one list to another, different list you should be thinking comprehension.

All list comprehensions take the form [a for b in c] where c is the list you’re iterating over (starting with), and b is the variable you’re using in a to specify exactly what you want to do to each item.

Question 19

Give an example of a “list comprehension”?

Answer 19

roster_list = [‘ruben dias’, ‘gabriel jesus’, ‘riyad mahrez’]

roster_list_proper = [x.title() for x in roster_list]

–> In this case, “x.title()” is A, “x” is B and “roster_list” is C

Question 20

What string method turns a string into substrings?

Answer 20

split()

full_name = ‘ruben dias’

print(full_name.split(‘ ‘))
–> [‘ruben’, ‘dias’]

Question 21

What is the programming term where you “do something” to each item in a collection?

Answer 21

mapping

As in, mapping (____) to each element of (_____)

Question 22

What is the difference when it comes to “dict comprehensions”?

Answer 22

Dict comprehensions work similarly to list comprehensions. Except now, the whole thing is wrapped in {} instead of []

Question 23

What function can be used to find the sum of a list?

Answer 23

Pass a list through the sum() function

eg.
sum([1, 2, 3])
–> 6

Question 24

How do you define your own functions?

Answer 24

def myfunction(argument1, argument2):

Question 25

What is the programming term when you only have access to a variable inside the function?

Answer 25

scope

Question 26

How do you add a default value to an argument in a function?

Answer 26

def myfunction(yellow, red=0):

–> In this case yellow NEEDS a value, wheres red already has an assigned value, making it optional

Question 27

What is the python rule regarding optional argument and required arguments?

Answer 27

Optional arguments HAVE to come after required arguments

Question 28

What is a positional argument?

Answer 28

When you pass the arguments in order, or by position.

Question 29

What is a keyword argument?

Answer 29

The alternative to positional arguments.

eg.

def myfunction(nyellow, nred):

–> Instead of passing arguments as (0, 1), so 1 red card and 1 yellow, you can IGNORE the positions are instead pass the arguments as, (nred=1, nyellow=0)