2. Intro to cardiovascular system Flashcards
What is the spleen?
Large flat oval organ located below the diaphragm - main function is to store blood and filter it
What is different about the equine and canine spleen?
Can release red blood cells from the spleen during exercise in order to have a greater oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
What are some functions of the CVS?
- Transport of O2 and substrates to cells
- Transport of CO2 and metabolites from cells
- Distribution of hormones - e.g., epinephrine (catecholamine)
- Defence
- Haemostasis - leads to cessation of bleeding (platelets)
- Thermoregulation
What is contraction of the heart controlled by?
Intrinsic pacemaker and autonomic nervous stimulation
What is the function of arteries?
Distribution channels
- carry blood away from the heart
- muscular elastic walls; terminate in capillary beds
What is the function of veins?
Blood reservoirs
- carry blood back to the heart
- less muscular than arteries but very elastic walls
What is microcirculation?
Where exchange with tissues occurs; capillaries very thin walls (endothelial cells only); site of exchange of gases and nutrients
Describe the mammalian circulatory system
Double circulatory
Fully developed septum that separates the atria and ventricles
Describe the aquatic circulatory system
Single circulatory circuit
Single atrium and single ventricle
Describe the amphibian circulatory system
Double circulatory system
2 atria and a single ventricle
Describe dual circulation
Pulmonary circulation = to and from the lungs
Systemic circulation = to and from the body
Describe the pressures in the systemic and pulmonary circulations
Left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to systemic circulation at high pressure
Right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation (shorter distance = lower pressure)
What are systolic and diastolic pressures?
Systolic = contraction pressure Diastolic = relaxation pressure
What are the pressures of blood in the major arteries/veins?
Vena Cava = deoxygenated @ 3 mmHg
Aorta = oxygenated, systemic, to rest of body @ 100 mmHg
Pulmonary artery = deoxygenated, pulmonary circulation @ 12 mmHg
Pulmonary vein = oxygenated @ 7 mmHg
What are tricuspid valves?
3 leaflets on the right side of the heart
What are mitral valves?
2 leaflets on the left side of the heart