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Yr3 Respiratory > 2. Interpreting X-Rays > Flashcards

2. Interpreting X-Rays Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Pros of receiving X-Rays

A
  1. Quick identification of tumour and growth
  2. Cheap-ish
  3. Usually does not involve staying in the hospital for long durations
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2
Q

What are some disadvantages of X-rays/Radiation?

A
  1. Skin Irritation
  2. Hair Loss
  3. Nausea and Diarrhoea
  4. Dry Mouth
  5. Ionising Radiation can cause Cancer/Gene Defects
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3
Q

How many Broad Densities of Images exist?

A

Four

  1. Air (No absorption): Black
  2. Fat (Some absorption): Dark
  3. Water/Soft Tissue (More): Mid-Grey
  4. Bone/Calcium: WHITE
  5. Metal: BRIGHT WHITE!
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4
Q

What would you expect for a Pulmonary Pathology?/

A
  1. Pneumothorax
  2. Infection
  3. Tumour
  4. Oedema
  5. Effusion
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5
Q

What would you expect for a Cardiac/Mediastinal Pathology?

A
  1. Cardiomegaly

2. Aortic Dissection

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6
Q

What would you expect for an Abdominal Pathology?

A
  1. Sub-diaphragmatic Free Gas
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7
Q

What is the acronym allowing for initial X-ray inspection?

A

DR ABCDE

  1. Details
  2. RIPE
  3. Airway/Mediastinum
  4. Breathing
  5. Circulation
  6. Diaphragm
  7. Everything Else
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8
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by D?

A

Details

  1. Correct Patient
  2. Correct X-ray
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9
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by R?

A

RIPE

  1. Rotation: Spinous processes equal distance from Clavicles
  2. Inspiration:
    - 5-7 Anterior Ribs in Midclavicular line
    - 10-11 Posterior Ribs
    - MORE = Obs Lung Disease
  3. Position:
    - PA/AP
    - Judge via Costophrenic Angle/Apices
  4. Exposure:
    - Penetration and visible Vertebrae
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10
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by A?

A

Airway and Mediastinum

  1. Is the Trachea normal? Shifted?
  2. Mediastinal/Paratracheal Masses
  3. Mediastinal Widening?
  4. Dilated Vessels?
  5. Goiter?
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11
Q

What reasons could cause deviation of the Trachea AWAY from the Lesion?

A
  1. Tension Pneumothorax
  2. Effusion
  3. Mass
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12
Q

What reasons could cause deviation of the Trachea TOWARDS the Lesion?

A
  1. Collapsed Lung

2. Pneumonectomy

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13
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by B?

A

Breathing

  1. Split the lung fields into Upper/Middle/Lower Zones
  2. Compare each side for
    - Fissures
    - Infiltrates
    - Lung Markings
    - Lesions

You usually cannot see the Pleura

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14
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by C?

A

Circulation

  1. Heart Position/Borders/Shape
  2. 1/3 Right, 2/3 Left
  3. Size of 50% Thoracic Diameter
  4. Aorta
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15
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by D?

A

Diaphragm

  1. RIGHT is higher than left cuz the Liver pushes it up
  2. Flat or Raised?
  3. Subdiaphragmatic Air
  4. Costophrenic Angles
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16
Q

For the DR ABCDE Acronym, what is meant by E?

A

Everything Else

  1. Bones
  2. Lines/Metal
  3. Soft Tissue
  4. Emphysema from Surgery
17
Q

If a 60 yo Patient presents with a:

  • PMH of Breast Cancer
  • Dyspnoea
  • Cough

X-Ray:

  • Meniscus of Dense opacification in lower zone
  • Obliteration of Costophrenic Angle
A

Pleural Effusion

18
Q

If a 75 year old Male Patient presents with:

  • Left Shoulder Pain
  • Hoarse Voice
  • Weight Loss

X-Ray:
- Apical Opacity

A

Pancoast Tumour

19
Q

What is a Pancoast Tumour?

A

Primary Lung Cancer in the Lung Apex around the clavicular region

20
Q

When a 70 yo Female Patient presents with Heart Failure, what can generally be presented?

A
  1. Progressive Exertional Dyspnoea
  2. Coughing White Frothy Sputum
  3. Orthopnoea (breathless when recumbent)
21
Q

When a 70 yo Female Patient presents with Heart Failure, what can generally be seen in an X-ray?

A
  1. Alveolar shadowing ‘Bat Wings’
  2. Kerley B lines
  3. Cardiomegaly
  4. Dilated Upper Lobe Vessels (Cephalisation)
  5. Pleural Effusion
22
Q

When a 24 yo male with a previous hernia repair presents with:

  • Severe Abdominal Pain
  • Bloating
  • Bilous Vomit

Chest X-ray showing:
- Free air under the diaphragm

A

Bowel Perforation

23
Q

When a 5 yo male presents with these after choking on peanuts:

  • Persistent Cough
  • Dyspnoea

Chest X-Ray shows:

  • Increased Lung opacity (SAIL SIGN)
  • Mediastinal Shift towards affected side
A

Sail Sign generally depicts Left Lower Lobe Collapse (LLLC)

24
Q

When a 40 yo woman presents with:

  • Fever
  • Dry Cough
  • Loss of Taste for 10 days
  • O2 Sats of 75%

Chest X-Ray showed

  • Bilateral Peripheral Patchy Opacifications in Lung Space
  • Diffuse Bilateral Ground Glass Appearances
A

Covid-19

Yr3 Respiratory (5 decks)

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