2. Inguinal Canal Flashcards
The inguinal canal, also know as the groin, is made by testicular and ovary migration from the posterior abdominal wall. They pass through muscles and fascia via ________- to end in the?
inguinal canal to end in the scrotum
Testicles will follow the gubernaculum which passes through muscles to the scrotum. What does the gubernaculum become in men and women?
Men: spermatic cord
Women: round ligament of the uterus
The testes pass through all the muscles and fascia of the abdomen EXCEPT which layer?
Transversus abdominus M.
What are the muscles and fascia that the testes pull into the scrotum during migration? (6)
Skin Scarpa's fascia External oblique M Internal Oblique M Transversalis fascia Peritoneum
The scrotum is from skin and dartos fascia (smooth M innervated via sympathetics). What do the external and internal oblique muscles made when they are brought down into the scrotum?
External: external spermatic fascia
Internal: cremaster fascia / cremaster muscle
Transveralis fascia will become internal spermatic fascia in the scrotum. What does the peritoneum form?
Tunica vaginalis parietal & visceral
Also makes the procesus vaginalis which disintegrates
The blood supply to the scrotum includes posterior scrotal branches from the pudenal artery, anterior scrotal branches from the deep external pudendal artery and the cremasteric artery from the inferior epigastric A. What is the main nerve supply? (4)
Posterior/Anterior scrotal nerves (pudendal/ilioinguinal)
perineal branches of posterior cutaneous N
genital branch of genitofemoral N
What occurs during hydrocele and how can it be detected?
Hydrocele occurs when there is fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis. Can be detected via transillumination
What forms from the processus vaginalis (from the peritoneum)?
parietal and visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis
Ductus deferens, and its artery, along with the testicular A, pampiniform plexus of veins and cremasteric A/V are all within the spermatic cord. What else? (4)
Genital branch of genitofemoral N (cremaster M.)
Sympathetics and visceral afferents (dartos)
Lymphatics
Remnants of processus vaginalis
The gonadal artery (ovarian A/testicular A) comes from the aorta on the right side and from the ______ on the left side.
left renal artery
Varicocele occurs in 15-20% of males post puberty on the left side. is known as scrotal fullness, feeling like a bag of worms. asymptomatic with dull ache. What is it due to?
enlarged pampiniform plexus of veins
What is the afferent and efferent innervation for the cremasteric reflex?
Afferent: ilioinguinal N
Efferent: Genitofemoral N
The inguinal region is where structures exit and enter abdominal cavity and where herniation occurs. Testes must go through the deep inguinal ring, muscle and superficial inguinal ring. What does the gubernaculum form in men and women?
men: spermatic cord
women: round ligament of the uterus
What is the floor of the inguinal canal from the deep ring to the superficial ring?
Iliopubic tract
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar Ligament
What is the roof of the inguinal canal from deep ring to superficial ring?
Transversalis fascia
musculo-aponeurotic arches of IO/TA
medial crus of aponeurosis EO
What is the Anterior wall of the inguinal canal from deep ring to superficial ring?
IO and lateral crus from aponeurosis of EO
Aponeurosis of EO (lateral crus/intercrural fibers)
Aponeurosis of EO with fascia of EO as external spermatic fascia
What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal from the deep ring to the superficial ring?
Transversalis fascia
Transversalis fascia
Conjoin tendon
Where do the medial and lateral crus attach to?
medial to pubic crest
lateral to pubic tubercle
What are all the things made from the external oblique aponeurosis? (6)
Lateral crus medial crus pectineal ligament Inguinal ligament lacunar ligament superficial inguinal ring
What is the lacunar ligament made from and where does it attach? (Note: the pectineal ligament is made from the same fibers)
Made from extra fibers from the inguinal ligament which attaches to the pectineal line
What merges together to form the conjoint tendon which makes up part of the posterior wall and attaches to the pectineal line?
the internal oblique muscles and trasnversus abdominis M
What forms the borders for the inguinal triangle, also known as hasselbachs traingle?
Medial: Rectus Abdominis M
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior: Inguinal Ligament
What is the most common hernia in males and females that occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric A.? Where does the hernia go?
Indirect inguinal hernia- into deep/superficial inguinal ring into the scrotum
