2 - Important Chemical Concepts And a Basic Approach To Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards
System based on the seven fundamental base units.
SI - International System of Units
Système International d’Unités
A non-SI unit of length that is widely used to express the wavelength of a very short radiation such as X-rays (1 Å = 0.1 nm = 10^-10 m). Typical X-radiation lies in the range of 0.01 to 10 Å.
Ångstrom Unit
SI unit for the amount of a chemical species
mole (mol)
Avogadro’s number
6.022x10²³
1 mol = 6.022x10²³ = molar mass
The mass in grams of one mole of the substance
Molar mass (M)
It gives the total number of moles of a solute in 1 L of the solution, or millimoles in 1 mL
Analytical Molarity
Expresses the molar concentration of a particular species in a solution at equilibrium
Equilibrium Molarity
- usually symbolized by placing square brackets around the chemical formula
Parts per million and parts per billion formula
Cppm = mass solute (mg) / volume solution (L)
Cppb = ((mass solute [g]) / (mass solution [g])) * 10⁹
Concentration of a species, negative base-10 logarithm (log) of the molar concentration of that species.
p-Function
pX = -log [X]
The mass of a substance per unit volume. In SI units, it is expressed in units of kg/L or g/mL
Density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.
Specific gravity
Defined as the mass relationships among reacting chemical species
Stoichiometry
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a chemical compound
Empirical formula
- two or more substances may have the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas
AAHHHH YUNG PARANG LOWEST TERM
C6H12O6
Empirical niya ay CH2O kasi nga lowest term kk
Solutes which form ions when dissolved in water and produce solutions that conduct electricity.
Electrolytes
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a __ and a base is __.
Acid is proton donor and base is proton acceptor
Identity the base, acid, conj. base, conj. acid
NH3 + H2O ≈ NH4 + OH
NH3 - base (will accept proton)
H2O - acid (will donate proton)
NH4 - con. acid (of NH3)
OH - con. base (of H2O)
Species that have both acidic and basic properties are called
Amphiprotic
- behave as acids in the presence of basic solutes and bases in the presence of acids
Ion that bears both a positive and a negative charge
Zwitterion
Hydrated proton formed when water reacts with an acid.
Hydronium ion H3O+
Algebraic equations that describe the concentration relationships that exists among reactants and products at equilibrium
Equilibrium-constant expressions
States that the position of an equilibrium always shifts in such direction as to relieve a stress that is applied to the system
Le Châtelier Principle
Shift in the position of an equilibrium caused by adding one of the reactants or products to a system
Mass-action effect
Equilibrium constant expression/formula
wW + xX ≈ yY + zZ
K = [Y]^y [Z]^z
—————
[W]^w [X]^x
Kw at 25°C
1.01 x 10^-14
