2. Impacts Of The Boom Flashcards
1
Q
WOMEN IN POLITICS - In what year were women given the vote? Under what amendment? - Who was Nellie Tayloe Ross? - Who was Bertha Knight Landes? ...however....? How were women viewed in politics? What about the Equal Rights Ammendment?
A
- Women were given the vote in 1920, under the 19th Amendment
- NELLIE TAYLOE ROSS - first woman to be elected Governor of State in 1924
- BERTHA KNIGHT LANDES - first woman to be elected Mayor of a city (Seattle) in 1926
However…
These women were very much an exception and women made little progress collectively - Politicians wanted their vote but didn’t see them as realistic candidates, and it seemed as though they had little interest in politics
- Their attempt to get the Equal Rights Amendment Act had failed
2
Q
WOMEN AND BIRTH CONTROL
- How many women died each year from backstreet abortions - and why?
- What did Margaret Sanger do?
- What act banned the distribution of articles on contraception? And what year was it passed?
- In ____ Sanger was arrested for _____
- In what year did she found the American Birth Control League?
A
- Around 50,000 women died each year from backstreet abortions, due to not being able to access contraception
- Sanger drew attention to conditions of poor women through her work as a nurse
- The COMSTOCK ACT of 1873 banned the distribution of articles on contraception
- In 1916 Sanger was arrested for opening the first contraception clinic in the US
- In 1921 she founded the American Birth Control League
3
Q
THE FLAPPER
(mostly middle and upper class women)
- What did the flappers stand for?
- What opposition did they receive?
- What did 1990’s historian Michael Parrish argue about the flappers?
- What did William Leuchtenberg demonstrate?
A
- Flappers were an attempt to challenge traditional views towards the appearance of women, in a demonstration of freedom and independence
- Flappers were seen as being too extreme and received a lot of criticism - especially from religious groups and gwoks - some even formed ‘Anti-Flirt Leagues’
- MICHAEL PARRISH argued that flappers only reinforced gender stereotypes as women focused more on beauty and indulgence then serious issues
- WILLIAM LEUCHTENBERG showed that numbers of women in the work force, higher education and voting diminished
4
Q
BASEBALL
- Which two players made baseball very popular? Especially due to…?
- Which other 3 factors meant that baseball became more popular?
- What league was formed in 1920 - which demonstrated what?
- How well were African American players paid? Despite the fact that…
A
- Players like LOU GHERIG and BABE RUTH made the sport v popular, especially due to Ruth’s charisma
- Baseball became increasingly more popular due to…
- It was easy to play on a patch of wasteland
- Introduction of new cork-centred balls, which were easy to hit a long way
- Huge stadiums were being built, like West Side Grounds in Chicago
- In 1920, the Negro National Baseball League was formed - acting as a testament to the segregation which still existed
- African Americans were paid less then half their white counterparts, despite the fact that they were among the biggest African American owned businesses
5
Q
RADIO
- Which radio station was set up in 1920?
- How many radio stations were there by 1922?
- In what years were NBC and CBS set up?
- To what even did 50 million listeners tune in to in 1927?
- How much did a radio usually cost?
- Between 1923 and 1930, ___% of all American families had purchased one
- Sales increased from $___ in 1923, to $___ in 1929
A
- KDKA was set up in 1922
- By 1922, there were 500 stations across the US
- The first national network NBC was set up in 1926, with CBS in 1927
- An estimated 50million listened to the 1927 boxing match between Gene Tunney and Jack Dempsey
- Radios usually cost around $150 - this wasn’t cheap
- Between 1923 and 1930, 60% of all American families had purchased one
- Sales increased from $60 million in 1923, to $842 million in 1929
6
Q
CINEMA
- The 1920s saw the development of the cinema industry, and it was the __ largest in term of capital investment
- It employed more then which two large companies?
- Cinemas were very elegant places - give an example
- What famous actors and actresses became popular? Give 5
A
- The cinema industry was the 4th largest in terms of capital investment
- It employed more then both Ford or General Motors
- Cinemas was very elegant places, such as THE ROXY in New York, which had a chandelier, $10,000 red carpet and 118 piece orchestra
- Celebrities such as Clara Bow (who represented freedom and the modern, liberated woman), Theda Bara, Douglas Fairbanks, Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplain
7
Q
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
- How many women were employed by 1930? However….?
- Women received what percentage of university degrees?
- …but only ____% of university lecturers were women
- Medical schools allocated what percentage of it’s positions to women?
- What about minimum wage for women?
- What happened at the 1927 textile workers strike?
A
- By 1930 2million more women were employed then 10 years earlier - HOWEVER - they were mostly unskilled, low paid jobs
- 1/3 of university degrees were awarded to women, but only 4% of university lecturers were women
- Medical schools only allocated 5% of it’s positions to women
- Supreme Court had banned all attempts to set a minimum wage for women
- At the 1927 textiles workers strike in Tennessee, the gov took the side of the employers and strikers were arrested
8
Q
JAZZ
- We know that jazz was not a new thing - but where did it originate? How was it made?
- Who did it become popular with during the 1920’s?
- What made jazz even more exciting?
A
- Jazz originated with the slaves, who were encouraged to sing to increase production. They used washboards, pick axes and percussion, and by changing the beat a little bit, it became jazz
- During the 20s, jazz became popular with the white middle class youth, especially flappers
- Jazz was seen as a fall in moral standards, and some cities, including New York, had banned its public performance, making it even more exciting
