2. Human Resources Flashcards
Term 6 Miss Blackwell Continue HRM until Training
Labour Turnover
Measuring the number of employees who have left the business, usually calculated as an annual percentage
What is the formula for labour turnover?
of employees leaving during year x 100 /average number employed during the year
Absenteeism
Employees are absent from work with minor medical illnesses such as upset stomach or headache
What is the formula for absenteeism?
Today days absent in the month x 100/ total available working days in the month
Short term absence
Off for a day/ few days
Long term absence
Off work for a lengthy period
Unauthorised absence
Refers to the short term absences
Authorised absence
An employee asks for a particular reason such as a medical appointment or important school meeting
What is the formula for lateness?
Total # of late arrivals x 100 / total number of scheduled attendances
What forms can be used to record lateness?
ACAS forms
What are some examples of valid reasons an employee may be late for work?
Childcare problems or traffic
Workforce productivity
A measure of output per employee in a particular period of time
What is the formula for productivity?
Output (per set time period) / Average number of employees
In which sector is productivity hard to measure?
In the tertiary sector - there is no physical product being produced
Why is the accuracy of the use of quantitative data limited when measuring workforce performance?
- Averages can be misleading
- Not all departments employ the same number of people
- A single figure in isolation is of limited use
- Numbers do not explain the situation
Holiday Entitlement
The UK statutory minimum is 28 days (including bank holidays). Businesses can offer above this (UK average is 33.5 days)
Performance Related Pay
A financial reward to employees whose work is considered to have reached a required standard. Generally used when work cannot be used in terms of output.
Recruitment
The process of bringing new employees into the business.
Why might a vacancy arise in a business?
The business is growing
An employee is promoted/demoted
An employee retires
The business introduces new tech
Job description
Document that describes the duties of a worker.
Person specification
A profile of the type of person needed for a job - their skills, experience and qualifications
Internal Recruitment
The business looks to fill the vacancy from within its existing workforce
What are the advantages of recruiting internally?
+ Cheaper and quicker to recruit
+ Provides opportunities for promotion which can be motivating
What are the disadvantages of recruiting internally?
- Limits the number of potential applicants
- May cause resentment amongst candidates not appointed
External Recruitment
The business looks to fill the vacancy from any suitable applicant outside the business.
What are the advantages of recruiting externally?
+ Outside people bring in new ideas
+ People have a wide range of experience
What are the disadvantages of recruiting externally?
- More expensive due to advertising and interviews
- Selection process may not be effective enough to reveal the best candidate
What are the 6 pieces of info that should be included on a job advertisement?
Job location Salary details Number of hours, days and times Job summary Starting and closing date Any additional documents
Where are the 6 strategies a business could use to advertise a job?
Local Newspapers National Newspapers Specialist Magazines Own Websites Word of Mouth Shop Window
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: LOCAL NEWSPAPERS
+ Locals are attracted to vacancy
- Limited number of readers
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: NATIONAL NEWSPAPERS
+ Likely to target a more experienced audience
- Slow publishing process
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: SPECIALIST MAGAZINES
+ Attracts dedicated recruits
- Space is limited to describe the job
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: OWN WEBSITES
+ Easily accessible to all
- Potential employees may not immediately consider a business
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: WORD OF MOUTH
+ Costs nothing
- Lack of control over how it occurs
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of advertising a job using: SHOP WINDOWS
+ Attracts locals
- Declining number of people on high streets
What are 3 ways that a business could recruit internally?
- Promotions
- From temporary to permanent
- Hire retired employees in a freelance or part time position
What are 3 reasons why effective recruitment is important?
- Hiring the right people = higher productivity
- To ensure that the candidate will be a long term successful employee
- Customers perceptions will be affected by the customer service provided
Selection
The process of deciding which applicant for a job a business should accept
What are 3 methods to collect information about the applicant before meeting him/her face to face?
Letter of application
CV
Application form
What does CV stand for?
Curriculum Vitae
What is a CV?
A document that the applicant designs including personal details/educational and employment history/ references and reasons for applying
What are the advantages of using CVs during the selection process?
+ Personalised
+ More applicants
+ Cuts waiting barrier
What are the disadvantages of using CVs during the selection process?
- No limit over amount
- Outside interference
- Hard to judge objectively
What is an application form?
A form on which questions set by the recruiter are answered by the candidate
What are the advantages of using application forms during the selection process?
+ Easy to identify qualifications
+ All applying care
+ Consistency
What are the disadvantages of using application forms during the selection process?
- Fewer applicants (EVAL: all applying care)
- Less personalised
Why might the following be included on an application form?
- Previous employment
- Availability
- “More about you” questions
- Concerns over reasons for leaving/amount of time spent there are identified
- Identifies most flexible
- Personality shown here
What is a letter of application?
A document sent with a CV/application form to provide additional information.
What is a letter of application also known as?
A covering letter
What are the key points to note about letters of application?
A4
Formal
Key competences, educational history
Show personality
