Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSITE > 2 - Hematology > Flashcards

2 - Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Initial events for thrombus formation

A

Plt adhesion
Shape change
Granule release -> recruitment
Hemostatic plug at area of subendothelial collagen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three initial responses to vascular injury

A

Vascular vasoconstriction
Platelet adhesion
Thrombin generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Activates factor XI

A

Exposed collagen + prekallikrein + HMW kininogen + factor XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Activates factor IX

A

Activated XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Activates factor X

A

Activated IX, add VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Convert prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin

A

Activate X, then add V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

First step of extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue factor (injured cells) + factor VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Second step of extrinsic pathway

A

Activate X, add V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prothrombin complex

A

X, V, Ca, Platelet factor 3, prothrombin
Forms on platelets
Catalyzes thrombin formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

A

Inhibits factor X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrin activity

A

Links platelets together

Binds GpIIb/IIIa to form platelet plug -> hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thrombin activity

A

Key to coagulation
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin and fibrin split products
Activates factors V and VIII
Activates platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antithrombin III

A

Key to anticoagulation
Binds and inhibits thrombin
Inhibits factors IX, X, XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of heparin

A

Activates AT-III (up to 1000x normal activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Protein C

A

Vitamin K-dependent
Degrades factors V and VIII
Degrades fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protein S

A

Vitamin K-dependent

Protein C cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibrinolysis 1st step

A

Tissue plasminogen activator - released from endothelium and converts plasminogen to plasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plasmin function

A

Degrades factors V and VIII, fibrinogen, and fibrin -> loss of platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alpha-2 antiplasmin function

A

Natural plasmin inhibitor

Released from endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shortest factor half life

A

VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Factors V and VIII - labile factors - stored activity?

A

Activity lost in stored blood

Activity not lost in FFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synthesis of factor VIII

A

Only factor not in liver

Synthesized in endothelium along with vWF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vitamin K-dependent factors

A

II, VII, IX, X; protein C, S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Effect time of IV vitamin K

A

12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Effect time of FFP

A

Immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blood cell half-life

A

RBC: 120 days
Platelets: 7 days
PMNs: 1-2 days

28
Q

Prostacyclin (PGI2) source/function

A

From endothelium
Decreases platelet aggregation, promotes vasodilation (antagonizes TXA2)
Increases cAMP in platelets

29
Q

Thromboxane A2 source/function

A

From platelets
Increases platelet aggregation and promotes vasoconstriction
Triggers Ca release in plts -> exposes GpIIB/IIIa receptor, causes platelet-platelet binding, platelet-to-collagen binding

30
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

Highest concentration of vWF-VIII
Used in von Willebrand’s disease and hemophilia A
High levels of fibrinogen

31
Q

FFP

A

High levels of all coagulation factors, protein C, protein S, AT-III

32
Q

DDAVP/conjugated estrogens

A

Cause release of VIII and vWF from endothelium

33
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Measures II, V, VII, X, fibrinogen

Best for liver synthetic function

34
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

Measures most factors except VII and XIII (does not pick up factor VII deficiency)
Also measures fibrinogen

35
Q

Goal PTT for routine anticoagulation

A

60-90seconds

36
Q

ACT goal time

A

150-200 sec for routine anticoagulation

>480 sec for cardiopulmonary bypass

37
Q

INR level relative contraindication to surgery

A

> 1.5

38
Q

INR >1.3

A

Relative contraindication to:
CVL placement
Perc needle biopsies
Eye surgery

39
Q

MCC surgical bleeding

A

Incomplete hemostasis

40
Q

MC congenital bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s disease

41
Q

MC Sx vWD

A

Epistaxis

42
Q

Genetics of vWD

A

Types 1, 2 autosomal dominant

Type 3 autosomal recessive

43
Q

Function of von Willebrand factor

A

Links GpIb receptor on plts to collagen

44
Q

vWD Type I

A

Most common (70%), often only mild
Reduced quantity of vWF
Tx: recombinant VIII:vWF, DDAVP, cryo

45
Q

vWD type II

A

Defect on vWF molecule itself, doesn’t work well

Tx: recombinant VIII:vWF, cryoprecipitate, DDAVP

46
Q

vWD Type III

A

Complete vWF deficiency (rare)
Tx: recombinant VIII:vWF, cryoprecipitate
DDAVP WILL NOT WORK

47
Q

Hemophilia A

A

VIII deficiency, sex-linked recessive
Prolonged PTT, normal PT (follow PTT q8h p surgery)
Tx with recombinant factor VIII or cryo

48
Q

Goal levels in hemophilia A

A

Need 100% pre-op

80-100% for 10-14 days p surgery

49
Q

Hemophilia B

A

IX deficiency, sex-linked recessive
Prolonged PTT and normal PT
Tx: recombinant factor IX or FFP

50
Q

Goal levels in hemophilia B

A

Need 100% pre-op

Keep at 20-30% 2-3 days p surgery

51
Q

Factor VII deficiency

A

Prolonged PT and normal PTT
Bleeding tendency
Tx: recombinant factor VII concentrate, FFP

52
Q

Platelet disorder sx

A

Bruising, epistaxis, petechiae, purpura

53
Q

Acquired thrombocytopenia

A

Can be caused by H2 blockers, heparin

54
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombocytopenia

A

GpIIb/IIIa receptor deficiency on platelets
(fibrin normally links GpIIb/IIIa together)
Tx: platelets

55
Q

Bernard Soulier

A

GpIb receptor deficiency on platelets (can’t bind collagen)
(vWF normally links GpIb to collagen)
Tx: platelets

56
Q

Uremia (platelet disorder)

A

BUN>60-80
Inhibits plt function by inhibiting release of vWF
Tx: hemodialysis, DDAVP for acute reversal, cryo for moderate/severe bleeding

57
Q

HIT

A

Thrombocytopenia d/t anti-heparin Ab -> plt destruction
Can also cause plt aggregation and thrombosis
Dx: plts <100, drop in plts > 50% admission levels, thrombosis on heparin
ELISA for heparin Abs, serotonin release assay
Tx: STOP heparin, start argatroban, avoid giving plts (risk of thrombosis)

58
Q

DIC

A

Decreased plts, low fibrinogen, high fibrin split products (high D-dimer)
Prolonged PT and PTT
Often initiated by tissue factor
Treat underlying cause

59
Q

ASA

A

Stop 7 days before surgery - prolonged bleeding time
Inhibits cyclooxygenase in plts and decreases TXA2
Plts lack DNA, cannot resynthesize COX

60
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Stop 7 days before surgery, ADP receptor antagonist

Tx for bleeding: platelets

61
Q

Coronary stent and need to stop Plavix for elective surgery

A

Tx: bridge with Integrin (eptifibatide [GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor])

62
Q

Coumadin

A

Stop 7 days a surgery, consider starting heparin while Coumadin wears off
Tx for bleeding: Vit K and FFP

63
Q

Plts goal for surgery

A

Want >50k before surgery

>20k p surgery

64
Q

Prostate surgery and coagulation

A

Can release urokinase, activates plasminogen -> thrombolysis

Tx: aminocaproic acid (Amicar, inhibits fibrinolysis

65
Q

Best way to predict bleeding risk

A

H&P

ABSITE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions