2 Global governance: political and economic Flashcards
(C) Dependency theory
Emphasises structural imbalances within capitalism that impose dependency on poorer countries.
(C) G7(8)
The Group of Seven (Group of Eight from 1998 to 2014) is an informal forum consisting of representatives from seven developed economies.
(C) G20
The Group of 20 is similar to the G7, but is composed on the G7 nations plus 12 emerging economies and a representative from the EU.
(C) Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
This is any non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group organised on a local, national or international level - e.g. Christian Aid. NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizens’ concerns to governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage participation through provision of information.
(C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An international organisation working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade and promote high employment and sustainable economic growth.
(C) North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
A military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in 1949.
(C) North-South divide
A global socio-economic and political divide.
(C) Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP)
A loan provided by either the IMF or the World Bank to a country experiencing economic crisis, which requires the recipient state to meet certain conditions.
(C) United Nations
Organisation created in 1945, following the Second World War, to promote international co-operation and to prevent another such conflict.
(C) United Nations Security Council
The United Nations most powerful body, with primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.
(C) World Bank
An international organisation that offers concessional loans and grants to the world’s poorest developing countries in order to reduce poverty.
(C) World Trade Organisation
An international organisation that regulates international trade.
(NC) Absolute poverty
A standard of poverty that is based upon an income level or access to resources, It is currently set at $1.90 or less a day by the World Bank.
(NC) Collective security
The practice of states pledging to defend one another in order to deter aggression or punish a transgressor if international order has been transgressed.
(NC) Intergovernmentalism
Interaction among states based on sovereign independence.
(NC) Relative poverty
A standard of poverty in which people are deprives of the living conditions and amenities which are customary in society to which they belong. It includes those on less than 60% of the median income in the UK>
(NC) Supranationalism
A large amount of power given to an authority, which in theory, is placed higher than the state.
(NC) Word systems theory
A neo-marxist appraach to world history and social change that suggests there is a world economic system in which some countries benefit while others are exploited.
(NC) Washington consenus
A term to describe the policies of that of international institutions based in Washington - the IMF, the World Bank and US Treasury - pursued in order to reconstruct the economies of the developing world. They were wholly based upon neo-liberal capitalism.
