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4th YEAR COMMUNITY > 2. GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY > Flashcards

2. GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: Art & science of promoting health, preventing diseases & increasing span of healthy life through organized efforts of society

A

Public health

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2
Q

Definition: Science & art of application of prevention at population, community and individual levels, with efforts being carried by clinicians, individuals and families.

A

Preventive medicine

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3
Q

Definition: science concerned with diagnosing illness, treating disease, promoting health and relieving pain in an INDIVIDUAL patient.

A

Clinical medicine

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4
Q

Definition: study of the distribution, dynamics & determinants of health related states and events in a defined population & application of this study to control health problems

A

Epidemiology

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5
Q

Definition: state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease

A

Health

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6
Q

Definition: entry & multiplication of an infectious agent withing the body not necessarily causing an illness.

A

Infection

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7
Q

Definition: constant presence of a disease within a given area of population group

A

Endemic

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8
Q

Definition: occurrence of disease in a community in EXCESS number of cases more than expected to this specified location & during a specified period of time.

A

Epidemic

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9
Q

Definition: an epidemic occurring in a small confined area

A

outbreak

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10
Q

Definition: an epidemic affecting more than one country

A

pandemic

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11
Q

Definition: an infectious disease transmitted from animal to man

A

Zoonoses

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12
Q

Definition: the course of a disease overtime unaffected by treatment

A

Natural history of a disease

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13
Q

The 3 factors studied in epidemiology

A

1-Distribution
2- Dynamic
3-Determinants

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14
Q

the occurrence of one case of a completely & globally eradicated disease should indicate _____

A

beginning of an epidemic

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15
Q

T/F: an epidemic can follow an endemic status

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: the word epidemic is only used to refer to communicable diseases

A

False
(used for non-communicable diseases as well)

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17
Q

Identifying risk factors, syndrome identification & describing natural history and trends of diseases , testing vaccine effectiveness are ALL uses of_____?

A

Epidemiology

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18
Q

epidemiologic triad:

A

Agent
Host
Environment

19
Q

age, sex, ethnic group, race, blood group are ALL examples of

A

risk attributes

20
Q

occupation, education, marital status, diet habits etc are ALL examples of

A

social traits

21
Q

non modifiable host factors

A

risk attributes

22
Q

modifiable host factors

A

social traits

23
Q

environmental factors of communicable diseases include (3)

A

1-Physical environment
2- Biological environment (vector of disease)
3-Socio-cultural environment

24
Q

T/F: a disease is caused by more than one causal mechanism with each cause being SUFFICIENT to produce the disease

A

True

25
Q

stages of natural history of a disease (5)

A

1- Stage of positive health
2- stage of susceptibility
2.1-stage of pre-pathogenesis &
subclinical
3-stage of manifest disease
4-stage of disability
5-stage of death

26
Q

level of prevention during stage of positive health is

A

PRIMARY prevention

27
Q

level of prevention during stage of susceptibility is

A

PRIMARY prevention

28
Q

level of prevention during stage of pre-pathogenesis is

A

SECONDARY prevention

29
Q

level of prevention during stage of manifest disease is

A

SECONDARY prevention

30
Q

level of prevention during stage of disability is

A

TERTIARY prevention

31
Q

role of community medicine in stage of positive health is through________(3)

A

1-Health promotion
2-Counseling
3-Care of special groups

32
Q

role of community medicine in stage of susceptibility is through________(3)

A

1-Risk assessment
2-Preventive measures
3- Susceptibility detection

33
Q

role of community medicine in stage of pre-pathogenesis & subclinical is through________(3)

A

1-Obeservation
2-Surveillance
3-Screening

34
Q

role of community medicine in stage of manifest disease is through________(3)

A

1-Control
2-Epidemiology
3-Registry & disease burden

35
Q

role of community medicine in stage of disability is through________(3)

A

1-Disability evaluation
2-Assessment of burden
3-Rehabilitation

36
Q

role of community medicine in stage of death is through________(3)

A

1-Registry
2-Mortality rates
3- Economic impact

37
Q

Definition: actions taken PRIOR to onset of disease which remove possibility that a disease will occur

A

Primary prevention

38
Q

Definition: actions taken at early stages of disease that prevent its progress and prevent complications

A

Secondary prevention

39
Q

Definition: measures available to reduce/limit impairements and disabilities

A

Tertiary prevention

40
Q

Definition: an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations & participation restrictions

A

Disability

41
Q

Full form of ICF

A

International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health

42
Q

what are the 3 areas of functioning that a disabled person encounters difficulties in?

A

1-Health conditions & impairments
2-Personal factors (motivation, self-esteem)
3-Environmental factors (inaccessibility)

43
Q

Main components of primary prevention (2)

A

1-health promotion (education, environmental modification, nutritional intervention)
2-specific protection measures (immunization, avoid RF etc.)

44
Q

specific interventions of secondary prevention are (2)

A

1-Early diagnosis (screening)
2-Adequate treatment (mass/individual)

4th YEAR COMMUNITY (1 decks)

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