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FB1 Anatomy > 2. Gametogenesis > Flashcards

2. Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Haploid sex cells. (Eggs and sperm)

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2
Q

What are the stages of gametogenesis?

A
  1. The extraembryonic origin of the germ cells (primordial germ cells) and their migration to the gonads.
  2. Increase in # of germ cells by mitosis.
  3. A reduction in chromosomal # by meiosis.
  4. Structural & functional maturation of the eggs and sperms.
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3
Q

The first stage of gametogenesis is ………. In males and females. Whereas they differ in the…………?

A

In the first stage…(primordial germ cells & migration) they are identical. They differ in the last 3 stages, mitosis, meiosis, and the structure & function.

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4
Q

In phase 1 of gametogenesis, the primordial germ cells migrate to?

A

The gonads.

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5
Q

What are the carriers of genetic material?

A

Chromosomes

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6
Q

Humans have approximately …… genes? And how many chromosomes?

A

35,000 genes and 46 chromosomes

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7
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes are called? And how many pairs of sex chromosomes?

A

Autosomes.

1 pair of sex chromosomes

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8
Q

One chromosomes of EACH pair is derived from?

A

A maternal gamete (oocyte) and a paternal gamete (sperm)

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9
Q

T or F?

Each gamete contains haploid number of 23 chromosomes.

A

True.

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10
Q

What happens to each chromosome before mitosis?

A

DNA replication

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11
Q

What is a diploid progeny?

A

Each daughter cell receives the complete complement of 46 chromosomes. DIPLOID

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12
Q

T of F? explain why?

The pattern of mitotic divisions differ from male and female germ cells.

A

True. For males, happens after puberty, for females, before birth ( 5 days after conception)

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13
Q

What is the longest phase of mitosis?

A

Prophase ( where duplication and condensation happens)

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14
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division that takes place in germ cells to generate male and female gametes.

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15
Q

T or F?

It requires 1 cell division to reduce the number of chromosomes to the haploid number of 23?

A

False. It requires 2 cell devision to produce 4 haploid daughter cells.

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16
Q

Is the homologous pair of chromosomes in meiosis 1 haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid but they structurally haven’t separated yet.

17
Q

Meiosis 2 then separate sister chromatids, where each gamete contains 23 chromosomes.

A

:)

18
Q

What is a crossover?

A

Crossover are critical events in mitosis 1. It is the interchange of chromatid segments between paired homologous chromosomes.

19
Q

How is genetic variability enhanced?

A

Through random distribution and random crossover.

20
Q

What happens after meiosis for an oocyte?

A

1 primary oocyte gives rise to four daughter cells. Only one develops into a mature gamete and the other 3 are polar bodies. All are (22+ X)

21
Q

What happens after meiosis of a spermatocyte?

A

Gives 4 spermatids ( all are mature gametes ) 2 are 22 + X / 2 are 22+ Y

22
Q

of germ cells peak from the …… to the ……. Month of pregnancy?

A

Second to fifth month.

23
Q

What is atresia?

A

Is is where Numerous ooginia undergo programmed degeneration until menopause.

24
Q

T or F?

Spermatogonia maintain the ability to divide throughout postnatal life?

A

True.

25
Q

Atretic follicles are the highest during?

  • prepubertal
  • adult
  • post menopausal
A

Post menopausal

26
Q

Does the prepubertal phase have growing and ovulated follicles?

A

No.

27
Q

what phase has the most follicular pool?

A

Prepubertal

28
Q

What happens After oogonia undergoes mitotic divisions.

A

It is arranged in clusters surrounded by a layer of flat epithelium.

29
Q

Primary oocytes together with flat epithelial cells is called a?

A

A primordial follicle.

30
Q

At birth, all primary oocytes are arrested in…? And they enter ……….. stage until puberty

A

Prophase 1. Diplotene stage .

31
Q

Most oocytes become …………. During childhood (before puberty)

A

Atretic. (To die off)

32
Q

Secondary oocyte is arrested at……………….. until fertilization?

A

Metaphase 2

33
Q

Each month 15 to 20 follicles begin to mature and pass through 3 stages which are?

A
  1. Primary ( preantral)
  2. Secondary (antral)
  3. Preovulatory (graafian follicle)
34
Q

The primary oocyte grows, Making the surrounding follicular cells to change from flat to?

A

Cuboidal to produce stratified epithelium of granulosa cells.

FB1 Anatomy (2 decks)

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