2 Functional Groups and Nomenclature

Question 1

what are Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

Answer 1

a = 1 bond between 2 carbons
e = 2 bonds between 2 C
y = 3 bonds between 2 C

Question 2

what r aromatic rings

Answer 2

functional groups with a ring with alternating single and double bonds

Question 3

what are alcohols (3 types)

Answer 3

functional groups where C is connected to and OH
○ Primary - 1 carbon connected to the C with an OH
○ Secondary - 2 carbons connected to the C with an OH
○ Tertiary - 3 carbons connected to the C with an OH

Question 4

what are ethers

Answer 4

○ Carbon connected to an Oxygen that is connected to another carbon
C-O-C

Question 5

what are aldehydes

Answer 5

○ Carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and connected to an H

Question 6

what are keytones

Answer 6

○ Carbon double bonded to an O and connected to 2 other carbons

Question 7

what are carboxylic acids

Answer 7

○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and that carbon also has an OH connected

Question 8

what is an ester

Answer 8

○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen that is connected with another carbon
C-O-C=O

Question 9

what are acid halides

Answer 9

○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to a Halogen (Br, Cl, F, I)

Question 10

what are the intermolecular forces in order or strength

Answer 10

○ Electrostatic > H bonding > dipole-dipole > dispersion

Question 11

what are electrostatic interactions

Answer 11

basically ionic bonds, +ve attracted to -ve

Question 12

what are dipole - dipole interactions

Answer 12

Partial +ve is attracted to partial -ve (dipoles)

Question 13

what is H bonding

Answer 13

○ Partial +ve H atom is attached to a heteroatom, with the partial -ve being on another heteroatom (any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen in organic chemistry)

Question 14

TF Molecs with a lone pair on an electronegative heteroatom are H bond acceptors

Answer 14

T

Question 15

what are dispersion forces

Answer 15

Temporary and instantaneous dipole that forms in molecs
○ Theres a shift in the electron cloud that creates a dipole

Question 16

TF - If theres a nearby atom or molec it can be influenced to also create a temp dipole

Answer 16

T

Question 17

TF molecs prefer solvents with different intermolecular forces

Answer 17

F, prefer solvents with similar intermolecular forces “like dissolves like”

Question 18

what does protic and aprotic mean

Answer 18

protic = can donate an H bond
aprotic = cant donate and H bond

Question 19

which 2 parameters are solvents classified under

Answer 19

Polar + non polar
protic + aprotic

Question 20

TF Something is aprotic if it doesn’t have acidic protons (protons with a partial +ve charge)

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Anything that increases electrostatic and dipole interactions, increases ______

Answer 21

hydrophilicity

Question 22

Anything that decreases dispersion increases _______

Answer 22

hydrophilicity

Question 23

TF more condensed structures have a lower solubility

Answer 23

F, higher solubility

Question 24

what are the 3 portions of nomenclature

Answer 24

• A prefix (details about the substituents
• A root name (how many Cs in the chain / any alkenes or alkynes)
• A suffix (details about the highest priority functional group

Question 25

what do we do when we have multiple substituents in naming

Answer 25

name them in alphabetical order

Question 26

higher priority substituent groups get the ______ number

Answer 26

smaller

Question 27

if the compound were naming is a ring we start with _____

Answer 27

cyclo

Question 28

when naming compounds, more bonds between carbons means that

Answer 28

they are higher priority and well be at the suffix (ene trumps ane)

Question 29

the only thing lower priority than Alk(a/e/y)nes are ____

Answer 29

Halides

Question 30

General overview of the naming

Answer 30

alphabetical order { location of atom(#) } {(how many Atoms there are)(“Name” of atom) } {Shape of chain if there, then # of carbons} {location of dbl or triple bond if there} {name bond (ane, ene, yne)} {# highest priority thing, then suffix of it}