Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IP 11 Ophthalmology > 2: eyelids - pearce > Flashcards

2: eyelids - pearce Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the eyelid?

A
  • skin
  • sub Q CT
  • orbicularis oculi
  • tarsal glands
  • tarsal plate
  • conjunctiva
  • cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the eyelid?

A
  • protection
  • tear film production, distribution, and drainage
  • oxygen exchange [conjunctiva]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of muscle is the orbicularis oculi muscle?

why is its action atypical for similar muscles of this type?

A

sphincter M

there are medial and lateral ligg, temporal and nasal ligg that modify its sphincter action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

to open and close the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the tarsal plate?

A

tissue associated w glands that is often very firm

very well developed in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do the tarsal glands produce?

A

fat and oil - one component of the tear film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the palpebral conjunctiva?

A

the tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the conjunctiva produce?

specifically, what structure produces this?

A

the mucus portion of the tear film

prod by goblet cells in the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are cilia?

A

eyelashes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do lacrimal glands produce?

A

aqueous components of tear film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is ankyloblepharon?

etiology?

A

delayed / incomplete eyelid opening - congenital

often accompanied by mucopurulent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

at what age in dogs/cats do the eyes typically open?

A

10-15 days old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the etiology of the mucopurulent discharge associated with ankyloblepharon in dogs?

and in cats?

A

dogs: Staphylococcus spp
cats: Chlamydophila or FHV-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is often the origin of the BacT under the eyelids in puppies and kittens with ankyloblepharon?

A

a staph infection in the uterus during the pregnancy - causes the eyelids to remain shut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

t/f

if a client reports their newborns have closed eyes and discharge coming from them, the case can wait until Monday

A

false

the case is an emergency - see animals ASAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx of ankyloblepharon?

A
  • warm compress with digital pressure
  • blunt dissection to help open the eyes - start at medial area of eye b/c the 3rd eyelid is there for a layer of protection during your dissection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

t/f

careful sharp dissection is appropriate for ankylolepharon

A

false

blunt dissection only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is eyelid agenesis?

what is another name for it?

A

partial palpebral fissure absence

“coloboma”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is eyelid agenesis MC in dogs or cats?

A

cats - esp wild cats, such as snow leopards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does eyelid agenesis look like?

A

normal eyelid margin is not present in some areas along the border of the eyelid - conjunctiva goes directly into the skin in these areas

MC lateral portion of upper eyelid is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the consequences of eyelid agenesis?

A

there are exposed areas when the animal blinks - poor protection and lubrication in that area of the eye

  • inability to blink normally
  • exposure keratitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • other congenital ocular dzz often accompany this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is posterior segment coloboma?

A

holes in the tissue of the posterior segment - often accompanies eyelid agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some other congenital ocular dzz that accompany eyelid agenesis?

A

dermoids

[she said to look in the text for a more detailed list of dzz that are found with this and this was the only one listed - so idk if its for a test questions or for our own knowledge…]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

t/f

eyelid agenesis does not always impair vision

A

true

may or may not affect vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

one common surgical treatment for eyelid agenesis?

A

pedicle graft flap, from the lower portion of the lid over the area - delicate sx so should refer this case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is a choristoma?

A

normal tissue in an abnormal location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is a dermoid?

A

a type of choristoma - specifically a choristoma loc on the eye

many dermoids tend to grow hair

28
Q

dermoid tx?

A
  • dep on size, loc, visual impairment
  • resection (may be indicated)
  • +/- skin or conjunctival grafts
29
Q

what are 3 common eyelash disorders

what species are they MC in?

A

trichiasis
distichiasis
ectopic cilia

MC in dogs

30
Q

what is trichiasis?

A

normal hair on the eyelid that contacts the corneal surface

may cause some pigmentation and irritation

relatively benign condition

MC in small white fluffy dogs with fine hair

31
Q

what is distichiasis?

what does it commonly cause?

A

a hair follicle starts in the Meibomian gland and extends through the duct of the gland, through the central part if the eyelid margin

usually more sharp hair then in trichiasis

can cause corneal ulcer - definitely corneal irritation

32
Q

what is ectopic cilia?

what does it commonly cause?
classic presentation?

A

a hair follicle originates the the Meibomian gland and goes through the palpebral surface of the eyelid

very nasty - causes corneal ulcers, pain, epiphora, blepharospasm

often seen in young dogs with UNCER LOC IN CENTRAL UPPER EYELID, DORSAL PART OF CORNEA

33
Q

what is the typical presentation of a traumatic corneal ulcer?

A

in the center of the cornea

34
Q

which eyelash disorder is most common in horses?

A
  • acquired trichiasis, post trauma
35
Q

what are treatment options for distichia?

A

electroepilation and cryoepilation

36
Q

which treatment option for distichia is most conventional and more widely used?

A

cryoepilation

37
Q

how does cryoepilation work?

what is one consideration to take when using this method?

A
  • used for many distichia
  • freeze eyelid on each side - 2 freeze thaw cycles - follicle is killed so hairs may fall out or manually pull them out
  • intense swelling and depigmentation of lid margin occurs [temporarily]
  • the freezing will inhibit tissue healing so do not perform at the time of other ocular surgery, or if you do, be careful how liberal your margins of freezing re
38
Q

t/f

the purpose of the cryoepilation procedure is to efficiently get rid of all distichia bothering the animal in one procedure

A

false

goal is to reduce the load and make the animal more comfortable, not to remove every distichia on the eyelid - patient may need another procedure if there are many distichia

39
Q

what is the Tx for ectopic cilia?

A

excision and cryoepilation

40
Q

what is the Tx for trichiasis?

A

none if asymptomatic

clip hair short
Sx rarely necessary

41
Q

what syndromes are part of brachycephalic ocular syndrome?

A
  • macropalpebral fissures
  • medial trichiasis
  • medial lower lid entropion
  • pigmentary keratitis
  • nasal trichiasis
42
Q

tx for brachycephalic ocular syndrome?

A

medial canthoplasty - for young dogs with excessive corneal exposure and excessive pigmentation

[essentially, is a form of plastic surgery - improves comfort for dog]

  • cyclosporin and meds to dec irritation and inc tear production
43
Q

what is entropion?

A

conformation eyelid abnormality

eyelid inversion

44
Q

what is ectropion?

A

conformational eyelid abnormality - eyelid eversion

45
Q

what is lagophthalmos?

A

inability to completely blink due to conformational eyelid abnormality

MC in brachycephalics

46
Q

what is combined entropion-ectroption disorder?

common name?

A

“diamond eye” - eyelid is inverted and everted in various locations around eyelid

2* to excessive eyelid length [euryblepharon]

common in bloodhounds, st bernards, clumber spaniel

47
Q

what are the etiologies of entropion?

A
  • congenital / genetic
  • spastic
  • cicatricial
48
Q

what is spastic entropion?

A

eyelids touch cornea - very painful -> eyelids roll in further -> vicious cycle exacerbated

49
Q

what is cicatricial entroption?

MC in what species?

A

fibrosis 2* to chronic spastic entropion -> trauma -> irritation

common in cats [often assoc w herpes infection]

50
Q

feline entropion in young cats is MC 2* to whaat conditions?

A

2* to conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration [spastic]

conjunctivitis MC, cicatricial

51
Q

feline entropion in old cats is due to?

A

lid laxity
globe enophthalmos

often lose weight so lose fat -> lose orbital volume

52
Q

feline entropion in Persian cats is due to?

A

brachycephalic anatomy

53
Q

feline entropion in Maine Coone cats is due to?

A

Large jowls

54
Q

what is a very important thing to do accurately prior to sx correction of entropion?

A

get rid of spastic component to measure - add topical anesthetic to eye the measure the tissue with the eye fully open

DO NOT take too much tissue out or you will cause more problems -> do not over correct and you cannot put tissue back in later once you take it out

55
Q

when is eyelid tacking performed?

A

after animal is skelatelly mature
if done on puppies, it is temporary
often in Shar pei’s

56
Q

what are entropion tx options?

A

Hotz-Celsus procedure

  • get rid of spastic component
  • measure skin to take out using calipers
  • close using “law of bisection” to ensure good physiologic flap of skin makes the closure clean
57
Q

what occurs if you over correct during entropion sx?

A

you cause ectropion

58
Q

what are principles of repair as per Wedge Resection for simple eyelid lacerations?

A
  • less than 1/3 eyelid margin lost
  • 2 layer closure
  • margin apposition critical [figure of 8 suture good for good tissue apposition]
59
Q

what is the 2 layer closure procedure during ectropion correction and eyelid laceration repair?

A
  1. subQ interrupted suture
  2. figure 8 suture
  3. simple interrupted skin suture
60
Q

what is blepharitis?

A

eyelid inflammation

61
Q

differentials for blepharitis?

A

infectious [bacT, fungal, parasitic]

immune mediated [allergic or vesicularbullous dzz]

other: solar, foreign body, self trauma

62
Q

how to work up blepharits?

A

eyelid scrape
pluck hair
smear on slide and look at tissue

63
Q

what is typical of eyelid tumors in dogs?

A

benign adenomas [80% benign]

64
Q

what is typical of eyelid tumors in cats and cattle?

A

SCC

65
Q

what is typical of eyelid tumors in horses?

A

SCC or sarcoids

66
Q

plan for dog eyelid tumor?

A

suspect benign adenoma tumor

REFER

cut tumor flush w eyelid - submit for histopath
incise palpebral conjunctiva perpendicular to lid margin
currette to remove tumor and debris
2 freeze and thaw cycles

67
Q

plan for cats, cattle, horse eyelid tumors:

A
  • resection and reconstruction
  • adjunct therapy: hyperthermia, immunotherapy, laser, radiation, photodynamic therapy
  • submit for histopath

IP 11 Ophthalmology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions