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HISTO > 2 - EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY > Flashcards

2 - EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of general pathology that studies cells that have been desquamated (removed) from the epithelial surface.

A

Exfoliative cytology

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2
Q

Specimen in assessing malignant and cancerous condition.

A

Vaginal smear

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3
Q

Uses of Exfoliative cytology

A
  1. Assessing malignant and cancerous condition.
    – Usual specimen: Vaginal smear.
  2. Detection of asymptomatic cancer in women and precancerous cervical lesions.
  3. Determination for possible infection.
  4. Determination of genetic sex.
  5. Assessment of female hormonal activity in case of sterility and endocrine disorders.
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4
Q

Age 21-29

A

Pap smear every 3 year

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5
Q

Age 30-39

A

Pap smear testing every 3 years and HPV testing every 5 years

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6
Q

Specimen for PAP smear

A
  1. Vaginal smears
  2. Endometrial (uterus area) and endocervical (cervix) smears
  3. Prostatic and breast secretion
  4. Gastric and bronchial secretions
  5. Pleural and peritoneal fluids
  6. Sputum
  7. Smear of urine sediments
  8. CSF
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7
Q

Most common fixative in exfoliative cytology.

A

95% ethanol

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8
Q

Best fixative

A

95% ethanol and etter

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9
Q

all types of effusion: peritoneal, pleural fluid, CSF, vaginal, prostatic and breast secretion

A

50% alcohol

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10
Q

Sputum

A

70% alcohol (Genre’s fixative)

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11
Q

gastric or bronchial secretions, smears or urine
sediments.

A

95% alcohol

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12
Q

Saccomano’s fixative

A

50% ethanol and 2% carbowax

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13
Q

If fluid is enough for CYTOCENTRIFUGATION:

A

2000 rpm for 2 minutes, decant supernatant and smear the sediment.

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14
Q

Use ___________ to the identified end of the slide before preparing smears.

A

paper clips

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15
Q

______________ specimen which utilizes ____________ during processing.

A

Urinary sediments and Bronchial Alveolar Aspirate / Lavage

Proteolytic enzymes

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16
Q

ADHESIVES: _______ not reco because the green (________) counterstain of Papanicolaou method intensively stains it.

A

egg albumin, EA 50

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17
Q

ADVANTAGES OF PAP’S SMEAR:

A
  1. Transparent blue staining of cytoplasms.
  2. Excellent nuclear detail.
  3. Color range is predictable and of great value in identification and classification.
  4. Comparing cellular appearances.
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18
Q

Stains the mature cytoplasm / superficial cells.

A

OG 6 Stain

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19
Q

Nuclear stain

A

Harris hematoxylin staining solution

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20
Q

Stain for immature cells (Intermediate and parabasal cells)

A

EA 50 Stain or EA 36 (Eosin Azure)

21
Q

PAP STAINING PROTOCOLS

A
  1. 95% ALCOHOL AND 70% ALCOHOL: Descending grade of alcohol.
  2. DISTILLED WATER:
  3. HARRIS HEMATOXYLIN: Nuclear staining
  4. TAP WATER:
  5. 1% ACID ALCOHOL: Differentiator
  6. DISTILLED WATER:
  7. AMMONIA WATER: Bluing agent
  8. DISTILLED WATER:
  9. 70% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
  10. OG – 6: Cytoplasmic stain (mature)
  11. 95% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
  12. EA 36: Cytoplasmic stain (immature)
  13. 95% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
  14. DISTILLED WATER:
  15. XYLENE (2 CHANGES): Clearing
22
Q

RESULTS / INTERPRETATION OF PAP STAIN:

A

o Nuclei: Blue
o Cytoplasm: Varying shades of pink, blue, yellow, and green – gray.
o Acidophilic cells: Red or orange
o Superficial cells: Pink
o RBCs: Orange
o Basophilic cell: Green to blue – green.
o Intermediate and parabasal cells: green
o Eosinophil: Orange red
o Metaplastic cells: May contain both blue / green and pink.
o Candida (fungus): red
o Trichomonas (parasite): Grey – green.

23
Q

Increase estrogen:

A

Superficial cells

24
Q

Increase progesterone:

A

Intermediate cells

25
Q

Decrease progesterone:

A

menopausal (parabasal cells) (hindi pa puberty)

26
Q

Parabasal cells / Intermediate cells / Superficial cells
1. Increased estrogen:

A

MI = 0 / 10 / 90

27
Q

Parabasal cells / Intermediate cells / Superficial cells

  1. Increased progesterone (pregnancy):
A

MI = 10 / 90 / 0

28
Q

Parabasal cells / Intermediate cells / Superficial cells

Post menopausal:

A

MI = 90 / 10 / 0

29
Q

Parabasal cells / Intermediate cells / Superficial cells

Infant:

A

MI = 80 / 20 / 0

30
Q

Polygonal squamous cells
with pale, pink-staining true
acidophilic cytoplasm and
dark pyknotic nuclei.

A

Superficial cells

31
Q

Polyhedral or elongated
with basophilic cytoplasm.
Influenced by increased
progesterone.

A

Intermediate cells

32
Q

boat shaped (folding or curling in the cell).

A

Navicular cells

33
Q

Round to oval cells with
small dense basophilic
cytoplasm.
Absence of both estrogen
and progesterone.

A

Parabasal cells

34
Q

Similar to fried sunny side up eggs.

A

Parabasal cells

35
Q

Found among: 2 weeks of
age to pre-puberty, after
childbirth, abortion and
after menopause.

A

Paarabasal cells

36
Q

Influenced by increased estrogen.

A

Superficial cells

37
Q

Similar to parabasal (sunny
side).
Occuring in groups of 3 or
more.

A

Endometrial cells

38
Q

Columnar.
Cytoplasm is usually stained pale blue / gray.

A

Endocervical glandular cells

39
Q

Small, large nuclei, strongly basophilic.

A

Basal cells

40
Q

Found during and after 10 days of menstruations.

A

Endometrial cells

41
Q

Having a honeycomb appearance.

A

Endocervical glandular cells

42
Q

Found before puberty and after menopause.

A

Basal cells

43
Q

Common in: DM patients, antibiotics,
immunocompromised states.

A

Candida albicansw

44
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

45
Q

Coccobacilli

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

46
Q

Epithelial cells that show cytopathic effect of HPV,
atypical wrinkled prune with perinuclear halo.

A

Koilocytes

47
Q

L. acidophilus

A

Doderlein bacilli

48
Q

Nucleus became larger.

A

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

49
Q

Example of adhesive used.

A
  1. Pooled human serum or plasma.
  2. Celloidin ether alcohol.
  3. Leuconostoc culture

HISTO (1 decks)

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