2 - EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY Flashcards
(49 cards)
Branch of general pathology that studies cells that have been desquamated (removed) from the epithelial surface.
Exfoliative cytology
Specimen in assessing malignant and cancerous condition.
Vaginal smear
Uses of Exfoliative cytology
- Assessing malignant and cancerous condition.
– Usual specimen: Vaginal smear. - Detection of asymptomatic cancer in women and precancerous cervical lesions.
- Determination for possible infection.
- Determination of genetic sex.
- Assessment of female hormonal activity in case of sterility and endocrine disorders.
Age 21-29
Pap smear every 3 year
Age 30-39
Pap smear testing every 3 years and HPV testing every 5 years
Specimen for PAP smear
- Vaginal smears
- Endometrial (uterus area) and endocervical (cervix) smears
- Prostatic and breast secretion
- Gastric and bronchial secretions
- Pleural and peritoneal fluids
- Sputum
- Smear of urine sediments
- CSF
Most common fixative in exfoliative cytology.
95% ethanol
Best fixative
95% ethanol and etter
all types of effusion: peritoneal, pleural fluid, CSF, vaginal, prostatic and breast secretion
50% alcohol
Sputum
70% alcohol (Genre’s fixative)
gastric or bronchial secretions, smears or urine
sediments.
95% alcohol
Saccomano’s fixative
50% ethanol and 2% carbowax
If fluid is enough for CYTOCENTRIFUGATION:
2000 rpm for 2 minutes, decant supernatant and smear the sediment.
Use ___________ to the identified end of the slide before preparing smears.
paper clips
______________ specimen which utilizes ____________ during processing.
Urinary sediments and Bronchial Alveolar Aspirate / Lavage
Proteolytic enzymes
ADHESIVES: _______ not reco because the green (________) counterstain of Papanicolaou method intensively stains it.
egg albumin, EA 50
ADVANTAGES OF PAP’S SMEAR:
- Transparent blue staining of cytoplasms.
- Excellent nuclear detail.
- Color range is predictable and of great value in identification and classification.
- Comparing cellular appearances.
Stains the mature cytoplasm / superficial cells.
OG 6 Stain
Nuclear stain
Harris hematoxylin staining solution
Stain for immature cells (Intermediate and parabasal cells)
EA 50 Stain or EA 36 (Eosin Azure)
PAP STAINING PROTOCOLS
- 95% ALCOHOL AND 70% ALCOHOL: Descending grade of alcohol.
- DISTILLED WATER:
- HARRIS HEMATOXYLIN: Nuclear staining
- TAP WATER:
- 1% ACID ALCOHOL: Differentiator
- DISTILLED WATER:
- AMMONIA WATER: Bluing agent
- DISTILLED WATER:
- 70% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
- OG – 6: Cytoplasmic stain (mature)
- 95% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
- EA 36: Cytoplasmic stain (immature)
- 95% ALCOHOL AND 95% ALCOHOL: Washing / dehydration
- DISTILLED WATER:
- XYLENE (2 CHANGES): Clearing
RESULTS / INTERPRETATION OF PAP STAIN:
o Nuclei: Blue
o Cytoplasm: Varying shades of pink, blue, yellow, and green – gray.
o Acidophilic cells: Red or orange
o Superficial cells: Pink
o RBCs: Orange
o Basophilic cell: Green to blue – green.
o Intermediate and parabasal cells: green
o Eosinophil: Orange red
o Metaplastic cells: May contain both blue / green and pink.
o Candida (fungus): red
o Trichomonas (parasite): Grey – green.
Increase estrogen:
Superficial cells
Increase progesterone:
Intermediate cells
