2 Exam Flashcards
Q<K
Reaction moves to the right
- reaction forms products
Q>K
Reactions moves to the left
-reaction forms reactants
haber process
transformation of nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia (NH3) is of tremendous significance in agriculture, ammonia abased fertilizers are of utmost importance
reactant or product is added
reaction shifts to consume the added substance
(towards the opposite side they reside in)
reactant or product removed
reaction shifts to replace the removed substance
(towards the side they reside in)
effects of volume and pressure
system shifts to the remove gases and decrease pressure
volume decreases
pressure increases
rxn shifts towards side with fewer moles gas
volume increases
pressure decreases
rxn shifts towards side with more moles gas.
endothermic reaction
temp increases causes shift to right
exothermic reactions
temperature increase causes shift to left
7 strong acids
HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
HClO4
H2SO4
Ka>Kb
pH <7
Acidic
Ka<Kb
pH >7
Basic
Ka=Kb
Neutral
What would make a molecule more acidic
More electronegative
More ability to pull electrons
Exposing the electrons more
Polyprotic Acids
-dissolves in a stepwise manner
-conjugate base of first dissociation equilibrium becomes acid in second step
-ka1>ka2>ka3
Salts which the anion is not a base but the cation is the conjugate acid of a weak base produce
Acidic solutions
Salts that contain highly charged metal ion produce
Acidic solutions
Cations of weak bases are
Acidic
Anions of weak acids are
Basic
Cations of transition metal atoms are
Acidic
Arrhenius acid and base definition
Acid- H producer
Base- OH producer
Bronsted Lowry
Acid- H donor
Base- H acceptor
Lewis
Acid- electron pair acceptor
Base- electron pair donor
When a strong acid is added
The base will take it
Strong acid + strong base = water + salt
PH is neutral
Weak acid + strong base = water + weak base
Ph is basic
Strong acid +weak base = weak acid
Ph is acidic
