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History Birth of USA > 2) Enforcing the Relationship > Flashcards

2) Enforcing the Relationship Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was the Proclamation Line set up in?

A

1763

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2
Q

What did the Proclamation Line 1763 do?

A

-Declared that the boundary of white settlement was to be a line running along the Appalachians. colonists not allowed to expand past this line.

REACTION
- angered some colonies- especially Virginia who has claims to Western land.
-approx. 30,000 American settlers ignored it.

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3
Q

When were Grenville’s anti-smuggling measures introduced?

A

1763

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4
Q

Why were Grenville’s (1763) anti-smuggling measures introduced and what did they do?

A
  • Hoped to use trade laws to get much more revenue from the Americans
  • smuggling was common, and the customs officers were frequently corrupt, therefore Americans escaped most of the customs duties.

MEASURES WHICH WERE INTRODUCED:
- colonial customs had to reside in America
- jurisdiction in revenue cases was transferred to a vice admiralty court in Nova Scotia- where the judge would handle the verdict

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5
Q

When was the Sugar Act introduced?

A

1764

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6
Q

What did the Sugar Act 1764 do?

A

-expected Americans to pay for molasses and sugar imported from non-British Caribbean colonies
-act reduced the duty on foreign molasses
-Grenville added wine/silk/coffee $ any customs official convicted of accepting a bribe was subject to £500 fine & disqualified from any gov. position

REACTION:
-mainly affected New England colonies where distillers turned molasses into rum
- raised issue of no taxation without representation
-colonists organised a boycott specific to goods imported from Britain
- Massachusetts formed a committee to address the matter- letter to parliament

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7
Q

When was the Currency Act introduced?

A

1764

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8
Q

What did the Currency Act 1764 do?

A

-placed a ban on colonial paper money
-aimed mainly at VA- who had issued a large amount of paper money during 7 years war
- satisfied British merchants who insisted on colonial debts to be paid in more acceptable currency -£

REACTION:
Act passed at a bad time
-Economic depression hit the colonies.

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9
Q

When was the Stamp Act introduced?

A

1765

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10
Q

What did the Stamp Act 1765 do?

A

-placed tax on anything written/printed in the colonies (newspapers, legal documents, playing cards)
-money from act to be spent on colonial defence

REACTION:
-angered some of the most influential colonists (lawyers/printers)
- first & direct tax imposed by the gov. on the colonists.
- taxation without representation

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11
Q

Who were the Virginia Resolves and what did they do in response to the Stamp Act 1765?

A

-Patrick Henry introduced the VA assembly- 7 resolutions which attacked the Stamp act and threatened resistance
- 5 mildest resolutions

1) colonists possessed the rights of Englishmen
2) colonists rights were guaranteed by Royal charter
3)could be taxed only if they had proper representation
4) had the right to give their consent to their laws
5)house of Burgess had the sole right to tax Virginians

  • by end of 1765= 8 other assemblies had passed resolutions condemning the act
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12
Q

What was the Stamp Act congress?

A

-Massachusetts assembly suggested that an inter-colonial meeting be held. Met in New York
-denounced the Stamp Act
-claimed that only their own legislatures could impose taxes on them

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13
Q

What was the Ideological Debate surrounding the Stamp Act?

A

-pamphlets expressed similar views to the stamp act congress

-colonists not prepared to accept taxation without representation
however, representation in parliament seen as impractical due to distance

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14
Q

What was the Popular Protest in reaction to the Stamp Act?

A

-popular resistance to the stamp act originated in Boston. group called ‘Loyal Nine’
-Samuel Adams most important leader

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15
Q

What was the Mob Action in response to the Stamp Act?

A

-effigies of Oliver and Bute hung from liberty tree in Boston. mob tore down Oliver’s office and destroyed his house
-another Boston crowd damaged houses of 2 British officials.
-Stamp distributors fearing their lives resigned or fled in every colony

Stamp Act nullified in mob action- if no one was prepared to be a stamp distributor then stamp duties could not be imposed.

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16
Q

Who were the Sons of Liberty and what did they do in response to the Stamp Act?

A

-men directing the crowd action. included members of the elite.
-influence was possibly exaggerated, but they did ensure that political awareness was high

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17
Q

What were the Economic Sanctions taken in response to the Stamp Act?

A

-as crisis increased, Sons of Liberty appealed for the public not to buy British goods.
-merchants in NY also signed agreement not to import British goods until stamp act repealed

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18
Q

When was the Stamp Act repealed?

A

1766

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19
Q

When was the Revenue Act introduced?
(Townshend acts)

A

1767

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20
Q

What did the Revenue Act 1767 do and what was the American Reaction?

A

-set new import duties on British goods (paint/paper/lead/glass/tea/china/wine)
-revenues raised helped clear war debt
…also maintain Br. troops in America and pay the salaries of royal officials

REACTION
- taxation w/o representation
-patriots encouraged consumption of smuggled tea as a political protest of Townshend duties

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21
Q

When was the Indemnity act introduced?
(Townshend acts)

A

1767

22
Q

What did the Indemnity Act 1767 do and what was the American reaction?

A

-reduced taxes on the British East India Company when they imported tea into England
-allowed them to then export the tea into the colonies cheaper and resell it

REACTION
-most patriots refused to buy tea unless it had been smuggled

23
Q

When was the Commissioners of customs act introduced?
(Townshend ats)

A

1767

24
Q

What did the Commissioners of customs act do 1767 and what was the American reaction?

A

-implemented tougher customs enforcement which included assigning new customs officials and tax collectors based in Boston

REACTION
-colonies outraged because this act gave tax collectors unprecedented authority to search merchant’s ships and warehouses w/o official regulation

25
Q

When was the New York Restraining Act introduced?
(Townshend acts)

A

1767

26
Q

What did the New York Restraining act 1767 do and what was the American reaction?

A

-ordered the suspension of the NY assembly until it complied with the Quartering act of 1765
- required colonial assemblies to supply accommodation for British troops
- NY, headquarters of BR. army in America, refused to comply as burden of act fell largely on them.
-NY, lacking support from other colonies, agreed to support the troops

REACTION
-most colonies disliked the notion that parliament could suspend or change them at will.

27
Q

When was the Vice Admiralty Court act introduced?
(Townshend acts)

A

1768

28
Q

What did the Vice Admiralty Court act 1768 do and what was the American reaction?

A

-created new admiralty courts in which colonial smugglers would be prosecuted without a jury
-verdicts of the admiralty courts were to be decided solely by the judge

REACTION
-colonists believed all Americans, like the British, had the right to be tried by a jury.

29
Q

When did Townshend die?

A

September 1767

30
Q

What was the colonial opposition in regards to the Townshend Acts?

A

-not all Americans sure whether the new duties constituted a violation of colonial rights
-merchants, enjoying a period of economic boom, had no wish for another trade war

31
Q

What was the Intellectual response in regards to the Townshend Acts?

A
  • John Dickinson wrote ‘Letters of a Pennsylvania farmer’ in 1768
  • this was the MOST INFLUENTIAL ATTACK on Townshend’s measures
    -printed in most colonial newspapers
    -parl, could regulate trades but no taxation w/o representation
    -condemned the suspension of the NY assembly ad a blow to colonial unity
32
Q

What was the political response in regards to the Townshend acts?

A

Feb 1768 - Massachusetts assembly sent out a circular letter
- denounced Townshend duties for no taxation w/o representation
-appealed to other colonies for common action

-7 colonial assemblies approved letter
- Virginia house of Burgess issued own letter

-Sons of liberty movement was brought back in the colonies to co-ordinate opposition

33
Q

What was the economic resistance in regards to the Townshend acts?

A

1768-Boston organised a new economic boycott against Britain
-other towns followed
-many merchants opposed non-importation

1769- every colony except New Hampshire had organisations pledged to boycott British goods.
-individuals agreed not to buy British products

Non-importation provided scope for popular activity as it touched the lives of ordinary people- gave them a means of effective action

34
Q

What happened during the Boston massacre?

A

March-1770. Workers at a rope factory attacked some soldiers seeking jobs.
Unit of Br. soldiers guarding customs house- attacked mob throwing hard packed snowballs.
- troops opened fire killing 5 Bostonians
-Sam Adams gave impression it was deliberate massacre
-funerals of dead were occasions for mass political demonstrations

35
Q

What was the situation like for the British Gov. by 1770?

A

-gov. faced problems
-insufficient troops in the colonies to impose order.
-relations between the Br. authorities & the colonial assemblies had broken down

36
Q

What were the Committees of Correspondence and when were they introduced?

A

1771- Boston town meeting created a committee of correspondence to communicate colonial grievances throughout MA.

  • By 1774 every colony except PA&NC had committees

-committees would ensure rapid distribution if information & a unified response.

37
Q

When was the Tea Act introduced?

A

1773

38
Q

What did the Tea Act 1773 do?

A

Designed to save near bankrupt East Indian Company, not assert parl. sovereignty over colonies

  • aimed to rid financial stresses on company by exporting tea to colonies directly + retail it there
  • abolished Br. duties on the company’s tea- Americans had to continue paying the duty levied under Townshend legislation
    -tea sold so cheaply- undercut tea traded by USA merchants legally + foreign tea smuggled in.
39
Q

What was the American Reaction to the Tea Act 1773?

A

-attacked in newspapers and pamphlets
-violence threatened against merchants importing East India COMPANY Tea
-Tea sent to NY and Philly rejected and sent back to England
-in all major ports, those responsible for collecting the tea duties were forced to resign.

40
Q

When was the Boston tea party?

A

16th December 1773

41
Q

What happened at the Boston Tea Party?

A

-60 Sons of Liberty men disguised as Native Americans (directed by Sam Adams) boarded 3 ships & threw 342 tea chests (East India Company) into the harbour
-Admiral Montagu (royal navy commander in Boston) could have ordered to open fire, but the troops nearby did nothing as they thought this would worsen things.

42
Q

What was the British reaction to the Boston Tea Party 1773?

A

-outrage.
-1766 and 1770 colonial protest had brought a reversal of Br. policy
-North- convinces Britain faced fundamental challenge to its imperial system

43
Q

When and why were the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) introduced?

A

1774
- concluding Boston was centre of colonial problems, North decided to punish it- passed 4 Coercive Acts.

44
Q

What were the Coercive Acts 1774

A

1) Boston Port Act- closed Boston to all trade until destroyed tea had been paid for.
2)Massachusetts Gov. Act- allowed royal gov. to appoint + remove most civil officials.
-town meetings could not be held w/o his permission
3)Impartial Administration of Justice Act- provided for transfer to Britain of murder trials.
4) Quartering Act- gave broader authority to military commanders seeking to house troops.

45
Q

What was the American Reaction to the Coercive Acts 1774?

A

-most Americans believed that the measures were a threat to all colonies.
-people in other colonies railed to Boston’s support- food and money

46
Q

What was the economic response to the Coercive Acts 1774?

A

May 13- Boston town meeting asked colonies to boycott British goods til’ Boston Act repealed.
June 5- Boston committee of correspondence drafted solemn league + covenant committing itself to a British boycott.
- however, trade boycott would harm America more than Britain

47
Q

what was the political response to the Coercive Acts 1774?

A

colonial assemblies, newspapers, men of influence denounced actions of British government.
May 24- Virginian House of Burgesses condemned Coercive Acts

48
Q

What did the Suffolk Resolves which congress endorsed do?

A

-declared coercive acts null+void
-called on MA to arm for defence
-called for non-importation of British goods, unless parliament repealed acts.

49
Q
A
50
Q
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History Birth of USA (1 decks)

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