2 Emotion, Motivation (11)

Question 1

What are emotions made of?

Answer 1

Physiological: autonomic, hormonal

Behavioral

Subjective feelings

Question 2

Theories of emotion

Answer 2

Discrete emotions theory

Cognitive theories:
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Two-Factor Theory

Question 3

Discrete emotion theory

Answer 3

Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, and may combine in complex ways.

Emotions have biological roots and serve evolutionary functions.

7 Primary emotions (automatic, innate):
Happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, contempt

Secondary emotions (acquired through learning & experience): 
Embarrassment, pride, jealousy, shame

Question 4

Primary emotions and physiological response

Answer 4

Heart rate increases with more negative emotions.

Digestive systems slows down with fear

Question 5

James-Lange Theory

Answer 5

Emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Each emotion has a specific pattern of bodily reactions

Question 6

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 6

Emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional bodily reactions

Question 7

Two-factor theory

Answer 7

Emotions are produced by undifferentiated arousal, with an attribution of that arousal

Question 8

Two emotion processing pathways

Answer 8

Fast system (unconscious): 
Routes incoming visual info through thalamus to amygdala, which quickly initiates fear and avoidance responses.

Slow system (conscious):
Visual cortex makes a more complete appraisal of the stimulus and sends an emotional message to the amygdala and other lower brain structures, resulting in conscious perception of situation and feeling of fear.

Question 9

Two-factor theory

Answer 9

Emotions are produced by undifferentiated arousal, with an attribution of that arousal

Question 10

Two emotion processing pathways

Answer 10

Fast system (unconscious): 
Routes incoming visual info through thalamus to amygdala, which quickly initiates fear and avoidance responses.

Slow system (conscious):
Visual cortex makes a more complete appraisal of the stimulus and sends an emotional message to the amygdala and other lower brain structures, resulting in conscious perception of situation and feeling of fear.