2 effect questions

Question 1

Explain two effects of the German revolution.

Answer 1

· The abdication of the Kaiser, because the mutiny, strikes and protests caused by failure in WWI (which became known as the German Revolution) suggested that Germany was in chaos, and the Kaiser was blamed for this (as well as the failure in the War), so decided to abdicate.
· The armistice, because the Allies insisted that the Kaiser had to go before an armistice would be granted. This, combined with the chaos of the German revolution, led to the Kaiser abdicating which allowed the armistice to happen.
· The National Assembly in Weimar, because the revolution forced the Kaiser to abdicate which meant that Germany needed a new system of government, hence the creation of the National Assembly in Weimar.

Question 2

Explain two effects of the Weimar Constitution on Germany/the Weimar Republic

Answer 2

· Democracy, because the Weimar Constitution granted the vote to lots of people (give details of the rules).
· Lots of coalitions, because the Weimar Constitution used the system of proportional representation for elections which meant even the small parties got seats in the Reichstag and no single party dominated, hence coalitions.

Question 3

Explain two effects of the Spartacist uprising of 1919 on Germany

Answer 3

· It made Weimar look weak because Weimar had to rely on the Freikorps to put the uprising down (explain what the Freikorps were etc; you could even link this through to the Kapp Putsch, because it was the Spartacist situation which made the Freikorps realise their own strength).
· It made Weimar look undemocratic because of the way the uprising’s leaders were dealt with.

Question 4

Explain two effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany.

Answer 4

· Germany was made weaker militarily because the Treaty reduced Germany’s military resources (give all the military conditions imposed).
· Germany was made weaker economically because the Treaty reduced Germany’s economic resources (talk about the reparations and industrial areas taken away).
· Germany was made weaker geographically because the Treaty reduced the land Germany controlled (talk about all the land taken away)
· Germany was humiliated because the Treaty blamed only Germany for World War I (Article 231 – the ‘War Guilt’ Clause)

Question 5

Explain two effects of the Kapp Putsch on Germany.

Answer 5

· The Freikorps was successfully eliminated as a threat to the government and Ebert because they were disbanded as a result of the Putsch’s failure
· It showed that the Weimar government appeared to have the support of the majority of people in Berlin because the people went on strike when asked to in response to the Putsch

Question 6

Explain two effects of the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr

Answer 6

· Passive resistance, as a way of protesting against the occupation.
· Hyperinflation, as a result of the Germans printing more money to pay the striking workers in the Ruhr who were acting in response to the occupation.

Question 7

Explain two effects of hyperinflation on Germany in the early 1920s

Answer 7

· Money became worthless as a result of hyperinflation (explain how)
· People on fixed incomes suffered because hyperinflation meant that fixed incomes could but less and less with what they received (explain why and use examples)
· People with loans or mortgages benefitted because hyperinflation meant that loans, which are expressed in terms of a fixed monetary amount, became incredibly easy to pay off (explain why and use examples)

Question 8

Explain two effects of the (failure of the) Munich Putsch

Answer 8

· Hitler and the Nazis became known nationally because Hitler using the subsequent trial as a ‘platform’ and his words were reported by journalists.
· Hitler focused on using democratic means of gaining power because the violent methods of the Munich Putsch had failed.
· Hitler took much wider and tighter control of the Nazi Party because the methods of the Putsch, to rely on others outside the party, had failed.

Question 9

Explain two effects of the Dawes Plan on Germany

Answer 9

· Germany’s financial situation improved because the reparations were temporarily reduced and the USA provided loans, all as part of the Plan.
· Germany was vulnerable if problems occurred in the world economy (because so much of the money and investment of the Dawes Plan was coming from abroad, particularly the USA)

Question 10

Explain two effects Stresemann’s financial actions on Germany

Answer 10

· As above, but include the Young Plan and make it clear that these things stemmed from Stresemann because he was the person negotiating the Dawes and Young Plans (but always remember that the Young Plan ended up meaning almost nothing, because the Wall Street Crash happened very soon after)
· Hyperinflation was ended because Stresemann created the Rentenmark and Reichsmark.

Question 11

Explain two effects of the Locarno Treaties/Pact (1925) on Germany

Answer 11

· Germany was being treated as an equal/had better relations with other countries as shown by the terms of the Pact (the French agreeing not to invade the Ruhr again, all parties agreeing that
Germany’s Eastern borders would be settled by peaceful means)
· Continued peace for Germany was more likely because Germany had agreed to some of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles as part of the Pact (borders, Alsace–Lorraine being French)
· Difficulties in Germany due to the resentment of some nationalist parties about Stresemann accepting the terms of the Treaty of Versailes when agreeing the Pact.

Question 12

Explain two effects Stresemann’s diplomatic actions on Germany

Answer 12

· Germany was welcomed back onto the world community because of the Plans and Pacts that Stresemann agreed with other countries (Dawes Plan and Locarno)
· Germany re-established its ‘great power’ status because of the agreements Stresemann made with other countries (joining the League and Kellogg Briand

Question 13

Explain two effects of the Wall Street Crash and the depression on the people of Germany

Answer 13

· Increased unemployment because the Crash led to less investment and spending, reducing the need for workers.
· The people of Germany were treated badly by the government when the Crash started to take effect.

Question 14

Explain two political effects of the Wall Street Crash and the depression

Answer 14

· Its effects made Weimar look bad because Weimar failed to deal effectively with the impacts ofthe Crash (talk about Bruning and Weimar’s failures)
· People began to turn to extremists for solutions because Weimar failed to deal effectively with the impacts of the Crash (the Nazis and the Communists)

Question 15

Explain two effects of the Enabling Act on Germany

Answer 15

· It put an end to democracy because the Act gave Hitler the power to make laws without the approval of the Reichstag
· Hitler and the Nazis could take action to establish even more control (local government, trade unions and other political parties) because the Act gave Hitler the power make laws without the approval of the Reichstag.

Question 16

Explain two effects of the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 16

· Hitler had secured the support of army leaders by removing the threat of the SA because he removed Rohm as part of the Night of the Long Knives, and it was Rohm who had wanted the SA to take the place of the army
· Hitler had removed other political opponents because he removed these opponents as part of the Night of the Long Knives (von Kahr and Schleicher)

Question 17

Explain two effects of the Nazi ‘police state’

Answer 17

· People had no legal system to protect them because the legal system was under Nazi control
· People were easily/heavily controlled because a variety of ‘police forces’ enforced Nazi ideology (SS and Gestapo)
· People were scared because of people informing on other people

Question 18

Explain two effects of Nazi censorship on Germany

Answer 18

· The media was tightly controlled (radio and newspapers), changing what the people of Germany could see and hear as a result of Nazi censorship.
· The arts (books, music, art) were restricted, again changing what the people of Germany could see and hear as a result of Nazi censorship.

Question 19

Explain two effects of Nazi propaganda on Germany (1933-1939)

Answer 19

· Germany was constantly ‘fed’ key Nazi messages as a result of Nazi propaganda.
· The people were not permitted to hear any alternative messages as a result of Nazi propaganda dominating all channels of communication and information.

Question 20

Explain two effects of the Nazi policies towards women (1933-1939).

Answer 20

· Less women worked because Nazi policies encouraged women to stay at home as housewives
· Women had less freedom because Nazi policies encouraged women to appear and behave in certain ways
· More women had big families because Nazi policies encouraged women to have children

Question 21

Explain two effects of the Nazi policies towards young people

Answer 21

· They could not avoid Nazi ideology at school because the Nazi policies controlled nearly all aspects of the curriculum
· Their free time was controlled by the Nazis because the Nazi policy was to create youth organisations which young people were strongly encouraged to attend

Question 22

Explain two effects of the Nazi policies towards the Jews (1933-1939)

Answer 22

· Jews were increasingly persecuted economically as a result of certain Nazi policies towards them (focus on jobs, shops, businesses and registration of goods)
· Jews were increasingly persecuted socially as a result of certain Nazi policies towards them (focus on public places, the marriage restrictions of the Nuremberg Laws identity cards, yellow stars)

Question 23

Explain two effects of Nazi policies towards the Church (1933-1939)

Answer 23

· The Catholic Church was challenged and its power reduced by the Nazis as a result of Nazi policies towards it.
· The Protestant Church was largely controlled by the Nazis as a result of Nazi policies towards it.

Question 24

Explain two effects of the Nazi economic policies on Germany (1933-1939)

Answer 24

· Unemployment was reduced because of Nazi economic policies (the ‘New Plan’, rearmament and the National Labour Service – RAD
· There were attempts to make workers happier as part of Nazi economic policies (Strength Through Joy and Beauty of Labour)

Question 25

Explain two effects of the Nazi policies towards the Jews (1939-1945)

Answer 25

· Jews were forced to live in certain areas through the Nazi policy of creating of ghettos
· Soviet Jews were executed through the Nazi policy of the use of death squads
· Millions of Jews across Europe were murdered through the Nazi policy of the implementation of ‘the final solution’

Question 26

Explain two effects of World War II on the German people.

Answer 26

· Living and working conditions were increasingly difficult because of the impact of British and American bombing of German cities (use bottom p101).
· More women were forced back into work because the invasion of the USSR meant greater strain on Germany which forced them into a policy of ‘total war’.

Question 27

Explain two effects of the Nazi invasion of the USSR in June 1942.

Answer 27

· Living and working conditions were increasingly difficult because the invasion of the USSR meant greater strain on Germany which forced them into a policy of ‘total war’
· More women were forced back into work because the invasion of the USSR meant greater strain on Germany which forced them into a policy of ‘total war’