2 Differing views and tensions within liberalism

Question 1

classical liberalism

Answer 1

early liberals who believed that individual freedom would best be achieved with the state playing a minimal role

Question 2

modern liberalism

Answer 2

emerged as a reaction against free-market capitalism, believing this had led to many individuals not being free. Freedom could no longer simply be defined as ‘being left alone’.

Question 3

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Egoistical individualism

Answer 3

The idea that individual freedom is associated with
self-interest and self-reliance.

Question 4

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Developmental individualism

Answer 4

The idea that individual freedom is linked to
human flourishing.

Question 5

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Negative Freedom

Answer 5

Freedom from interference by other people.

Question 6

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Positive Freedom

Answer 6

Having the capacity to act on one’s free will.

Question 7

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Laissez-faire capitalism

Answer 7

An economic system organised by the market, where goods are produced for exchange and profit, and wealth is privately owned.

Question 8

KEY TERMINOLOGY - Keynesianism

Answer 8

The economic theory that requires government involvement to stimulate the economy to achieve full employment and price stability.