2: Descriptive Statistics And Inferential Statistics Flashcards
Measures of ______.
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
Central Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency:
Arithmetic ____ is the sum of all values over the total value numbers.
Mean
Measures of Central Tendency:
The middle number.
Median
Measures of Central Tendency:
Most occuring number.
Mode.
It provides insights into how spread out or scattered the data points in a data set are.
Measures of Variations
Measures of __________:
- Range
- Variance
- Standard Deviation (SD)
- Interquartile Range
- Coefficient of Variation
Variations
Measures of Variations:
Simplest measure of variation. Difference between maximum and minimum values in a data set. Cons are sensitive to outliers and may not provide a complete set of data dispersion.
Range
Measures of Variations:
Average squared difference from the mean, quantifying individual data points deviations.
Variance
Measures of Variations:
Square root of variance, showing average data dispersion, higher values indicating more variability.
Standard Deviation
Measures of Variations:
The range between 25th and 75th percentiles, less affected by outliers.
Interquartile Range
Measures of Variations:
Standard deviation relative to the mean, used for comparing variability in different datasets.
Coefficient of Variation
________ is the number of distances of deviation from the mean:
To bring it back, get the square root of Standard Deviation.
Variance
- Most common variation to describe data.
- Most confusing concept.
- Understanding it, is essential to understand statistics.
Standard Deviation (SD)
In Normal Distribution, this rule approximates number of values in SD; 68%, 95%, and 99.7%
Empirical Rule
The probability that the study results are due to chance.
To know this is the first step in avoiding common errors in statistical interpretation.
It puts number on uncertainty but cannot eliminate uncertainty.
It is the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
P-Value
A __________ is merely a statement of fact, which can be true or false.
Hypothesis
In _________ hypothesis testing, one takes the hypothesis of interest and translates it with “not” into a null hypothesis, and then looks for evidence to reject the null.
Classical