2 - Describing Pub Health Flashcards
Mortality
Death or state of being subject to death. Used to determine no. People died within a population.
Eqn for crude death rate
No. Deaths/no. At risk of dying
Age-specific death rate
Death rate for specific group of population
Proportionate mortality
No. Deaths from given cause, per 100 or 1000 total deaths
Infant mortality
Rate of death in kids during 1st year of life
Child mortality
Death rate in kids aged 1-4 yrs
Maternal mortality
Death rate in mother from causes associated w/ pregnancy/childbirth
Adult mortality rate
Probability of dying between 15-60 yrs per 1000 total deaths
Life expectancy
Average no. Years individual of given age expected to life if current mortality rates continue
Age-standardised mortality rates
Summary measure of death rate that population would have if had standard age structure
Morbidity
Any departure from state of physiological or psychological wellbeing (eg: depression, arthritis etc.)
Disability
Any temporary or permanent reduction of individual’s capacity to function
Incidence
New cases of disease, event or death
Cumulative incidence
Proportion of new cases within a specific time period
= no. Cases during specified time period/number at risk (disease free) at start of period
What can cumulative incidence range from?
0-1
Incidence rate
‘Speed’ at which disease occurs
= no. New cases/total person time of observation or risk
What does incidence rate range from?
0-infinity
Person-time
Actual time at risk that all participants contribute to study
Prevalence
Frequency of an existing condition/disease at one point in time during given period
= no. Cases of disease present in population/no. Persons in population
Eqn for prevalence if stationary population and low prevalence
= incidence rate x average duration of disease
what are the measures of morbidity?
PYLL
QALYs
DALYs -> YLL or YLD
Potential years of life lost (PYLL)
Measure of years of potential life lost before certain age
= (total deaths from specific cause in each age group) x (av no. Years of life lost as result of each death)
Quality adjusted life years QALYs
Weigh each year of life by perceived quality of life from value of 1 (perfect) to 0
