2-Databases

Question 1

What does SQL stand for?
A) Structured Query Language
B) Simple Query Language
C) Secure Query Language
D) Server Query Language

Answer 1

A) Structured Query Language

Explanation: SQL stands for Structured Query Language, which is used to manage and manipulate databases.

Question 2

Which database system is commonly vulnerable to SQL injection?
A) NoSQL
B) MongoDB
C) MySQL
D) All of the above

Answer 2

C) MySQL

Explanation: While SQL injection primarily targets SQL databases like MySQL, NoSQL databases can be vulnerable to other types of injection attacks.

Question 3

What is a primary feature of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
A) Data duplication
B) Concurrency
C) Unstructured data handling
D) Manual query operation

Answer 3

B) Concurrency

Explanation: Concurrency is a feature of DBMSs that allows multiple users to interact with the database simultaneously without issues like data corruption.

Question 4

How can SQL injections be prevented?
A) By increasing database size
B) By using file-based databases
C) By using parameterized queries
D) By disabling databases

Answer 4

C) By using parameterized queries

Explanation: Parameterized queries help prevent SQL injections by separating SQL code from data, thus avoiding the execution of harmful injected code.

Question 5

What could be an impact of a successful SQL Injection attack?
A) Improved database performance
B) Unauthorized data access
C) Enhanced database security
D) Reduction in data storage needs

Answer 5

B) Unauthorized data access

Explanation: SQL injection can lead to unauthorized data access, where attackers can view, modify, or delete data they shouldn’t be able to access.

Question 6

What SQL technique involves merging the results of two queries?
A) Join
B) Index
C) Union
D) Group

Answer 6

C) Union

Explanation: The UNION SQL operation is used to combine the results of two distinct SELECT queries into a single result set.

Question 7

Which DBMS feature ensures data integrity?
A) Reliability
B) Security
C) Consistency
D) Backup

Answer 7

C) Consistency

Explanation: Consistency in a DBMS ensures that data remains accurate and valid across all transactions and at all times.

Question 8

Which is a NOT a method to interact with a DBMS?
A) APIs
B) GUIs
C) Command-line tools
D) Manual recording

Answer 8

D) Manual recording

Explanation: DBMS interactions are typically conducted through APIs, graphical interfaces, or command-line tools, not manual recording.

Question 9

What is a common consequence of SQL injection?
A) Faster data retrieval
B) Database corruption
C) Increased security
D) Automated data backups

Answer 9

B) Database corruption

Explanation: SQL injection can lead to database corruption as malicious queries alter or damage data structures or content.

Question 10

Which approach helps secure a DBMS?
A) Reducing user permissions
B) Fine-grained security controls
C) Eliminating backups
D) Using outdated software

Answer 10

B) Fine-grained security controls

Explanation: Fine-grained security controls, such as user authentication and permissions, help prevent unauthorized access and modifications to the database.

Question 11

What is unique about Relational Databases?
A) They do not use SQL
B) They use a schema to define data structure
C) They do not allow for data retrieval
D) They store data without a defined structure

Answer 11

B) They use a schema to define data structure

Explanation: Relational databases use a schema to define how data is structured, which helps maintain data accuracy and organization.

Question 12

Which database type is best suited for handling unstructured data?
A) Relational Database
B) Graph Database
C) NoSQL Database
D) SQL Database

Answer 12

C) NoSQL Database

Explanation: NoSQL databases are ideal for unstructured data due to their flexible schema-less architecture, which allows them to handle a variety of data forms easily.

Question 13

Which of these is a key feature of Relational Databases?
A) Lack of schema
B) Key-value storage model
C) Relationship between tables
D) All data stored as single document

Answer 13

C) Relationship between tables

Explanation: A key feature of relational databases is the relationship between tables, often managed through foreign keys that help maintain data integrity across different tables.

Question 14

How do NoSQL databases typically store data?
A) In strictly structured SQL tables
B) As JSON or XML in key-value pairs
C) Only in graph formats
D) Using relational models

Answer 14

B) As JSON or XML in key-value pairs

Explanation: NoSQL databases often use key-value storage models, where data is stored in formats like JSON or XML, allowing for flexible and scalable data management.

Question 15

What does RDBMS stand for?
A) Real Database Management System
B) Relational Database Management System
C) Rapid Database Management System
D) Reduced Database Management System

Answer 15

B) Relational Database Management System

Explanation: RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System, which is a database management system that supports relational models.

Question 16

Which type of database is known for its scalability?
A) Relational Database
B) NoSQL Database
C) SQL Server
D) Oracle

Answer 16

B) NoSQL Database

Explanation: NoSQL databases are well-known for their scalability, largely due to their flexible data models and efficiency in handling large volumes of diverse data.

Question 17

What is the primary method of interaction in a Relational Database?
A) Using NoSQL queries
B) Through direct file manipulation
C) SQL queries
D) Manual entry only

Answer 17

C) SQL queries

Explanation: Relational databases primarily interact through SQL queries, allowing for structured and efficient manipulation of stored data.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of NoSQL databases?
A) Use of schemas
B) Scalability
C) Flexibility in data modeling
D) Handling unstructured data

Answer 18

A) Use of schemas

Explanation: NoSQL databases do not use traditional schemas, which is what allows them flexibility and scalability to handle unstructured data efficiently.

Question 19

In a relational database, what does a ‘key’ do?
A) Encrypts the database
B) Connects tables within the database
C) Reduces database size
D) Converts SQL to NoSQL

Answer 19

B) Connects tables within the database

Explanation: In relational databases, keys are used to link tables together, enabling quick access to related data across different tables.

Question 20

Which database model is typically used by companies with large, complex data relationships?
A) Key-Value
B) Document-Based
C) Graph
D) Relational

Answer 20

D) Relational

Explanation: Companies with large and complex data relationships often use relational databases due to their ability to maintain strong data integrity and support complex queries and relationships.