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CS > 2. Data transmission > Flashcards

2. Data transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to data before it is transmitted?

A

Data is broken down into packets before it is transmitted

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2
Q

What are the components of a data packet?

A
  • Packet Header
  • Payload (Actual data)
  • Trailer
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3
Q

What does the packet header contain?

A
  • Packet number
  • Destination IP address
  • Sender’s address
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4
Q

Describe the process of packet switching.

A
  • Data is broken into packets
  • Packets are given sequence numbers
  • Packets are sent through different routes
  • Routers determine the fastest route
  • Packets arrive out of order
  • Packets are reordered upon arrival
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5
Q

What is the difference between serial and parallel transmission?

A

Serial transmission: Sends one bit at a time down a single wire

Parallel transmission: Sends multiple bits simultaneously over multiple wires

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6
Q

What are the features of serial transmission?

A
  • Used for long distances
  • Reliable (no risk of data skewing)
  • Less expensive (fewer wires)
  • Slower than parallel transmission
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7
Q

What are the features of parallel transmission?

A
  • Faster than serial transmission
  • Best for short distances
  • Can suffer from data skewing
  • More expensive (more wires required)
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8
Q

What are the 3 modes of data transmission?

A
  • Simplex: One direction only
  • Half-duplex: Two directions, but not simultaneously
  • Full-duplex: Two directions simultaneously
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9
Q

How is data transmitted using USB?

A
  • USB uses serial transmission
  • The computer detects the device automatically
  • The appropriate driver is loaded automatically
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10
Q

What are the benefits of using USB?

A
  • Universal standard
  • Easy to connect (fits only in 1 way)
  • Supports various data rates
  • Provides power (5 V)
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11
Q

What are the drawbacks of using USB?

A
  • Older USB versions may not be supported
  • Maximum cable length is 5m
  • Slower than Ethernet
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12
Q

Why is error detection necessary in data transmission?

A

Errors may occur due to electrical interference, packet switching issues, or data skewing

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13
Q

How does a parity check work?

A
  • A parity bit is added to the data to check for errors
  • Odd or even parity is used to detect changes in bits
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14
Q

What is a checksum, and how does it work?

A
  • A checksum is a value calculated from the data using an algorithim
  • The receiver recalculates the checksum to verify the data
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15
Q

What is an echo check?

A
  • The receiving computer sends back the received data
  • If it matches the original data, no error has occurred
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16
Q

What is a check digit and where is it used?

A
  • A check digit is calculated and added to the end of a number to detect errors.
  • Examples, ISBN, barcodes
17
Q

Why is encryption needed in data transmission?

A
  • Encryption turns data into an unreadable form to protect it from unauthorized process.
18
Q

What is the difference between plaintext and ciphertext?

A
  • Plaintext: Original readable data
  • Ciphertext: Encrypted, unreadable data
19
Q

How does an automatic repeat query (ARQ) work?

A
  • Computers using ARQs will automatically send back a positive acknowledgment if a data packet is deemed correct or resent if an error is detected.
  • If no acknowledgment is returned within a certain time period, a timeout is registered and the sending computer resends the packet.
  • The process continues until the packet received is correct or until the ARQ’s limit is reached.
20
Q

What is symmetric encryption?

A

Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption

21
Q

What is asymmetric encryption?

A
  • Uses two keys: A public key for encryption and a private key for decryption
22
Q

Describe how the photographs would be transmitted using serial data transmission.

A
  • Data is sent one bit at a time down a single wire
23
Q

Give two benefits of transmitting the photographs using serial data transmission.

A
  • Data won’t be skewed
  • Less chance of error
24
Q

State one benefit of the student using parallel data transmission instead of serial data transmission.

A

Data may be transmitted quicker

25
Q

Explain how data is encrypted using symmetric encryption.

A
  • Data is encrypted and decrypted using the same key
  • Plain text is encrypted into cipher text
  • Data is encrypted using an algorithm that uses a key
26
Q
A

CS (13 decks)

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