2. Computer Organisation Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Identify the main components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and describe their functions. (4 marks)
A
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logic operations (1).
    • Control Unit (CU): Directs operations and instructions within the CPU (1).
    • Registers: Small, fast memory for immediate data access (1).
    • Cache: Temporary storage for frequently used data, enhancing speed (1).
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2
Q
  1. Explain the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle in a CPU. (6 marks)
A
  • Fetch: Retrieves instruction from memory (1).
    • Decode: Interprets instruction in the CU (1).
    • Execute: Carries out the instruction using ALU or other CPU parts (1).
    • Cycle repeats to complete program execution (1).
    • Importance: Ensures sequential execution of instructions (1).
    • Efficiency: Faster cycle = better CPU performance (1).
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3
Q
  1. Describe the differences between primary and secondary memory and provide examples. (4 marks)
A
  • Primary memory: Temporary storage, fast access (e.g., RAM) (2).
    • Secondary memory: Long-term storage, slower access (e.g., hard drive) (2).
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4
Q
  1. Outline how clock speed, number of cores, and cache memory affect CPU performance. (6 marks)
A
  • Clock speed: Faster speed means quicker execution of instructions (2).
    • Number of cores: More cores allow parallel processing (2).
    • Cache memory: Reduces access time by storing frequently used data (2).
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5
Q
  1. Compare the characteristics and uses of RAM and ROM. (4 marks)
A
  • RAM: Volatile, used for temporary data storage while running programs (2).
    • ROM: Non-volatile, stores critical instructions like boot firmware (2).
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6
Q
  1. Explain the differences between volatile and non-volatile memory, giving examples. (3 marks)
A
  • Volatile: Data lost when power is off, e.g., RAM (1).
    • Non-volatile: Data retained without power, e.g., SSD, HDD (1).
    • Importance: Determines data persistence and backup needs (1).
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7
Q
  1. Describe how virtual memory works and explain its importance in modern computers. (5 marks)
A
  • Virtual memory: Uses hard drive space to extend RAM capacity (2).
    • Mechanism: Swaps inactive data from RAM to storage (1).
    • Importance: Allows multitasking beyond physical RAM limits (2).
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8
Q
  1. Compare and contrast SSD and HDD in terms of speed, durability, and cost. (4 marks)
A
  • Speed: SSDs are faster than HDDs (1).
    • Durability: SSDs are more shock-resistant; no moving parts (1).
    • Cost: SSDs are more expensive per GB than HDDs (1).
    • Use cases: SSDs for performance; HDDs for cost-effective storage (1).
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9
Q
  1. Outline the purpose of cache memory and explain its role in improving performance. (5 marks)
A
  • Purpose: Stores frequently accessed data close to CPU (2).
    • Role: Reduces fetch time for data/instructions (2).
    • Impact: Enhances system responsiveness and CPU efficiency (1).
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10
Q
  1. Explain ‘memory hierarchy’ and arrange components by speed. (3 marks)
A
  • Definition: Layers of memory ranked by speed and size (1).
    • Order: Registers > Cache > RAM > Secondary Storage (2).
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11
Q
  1. List four functions of an operating system and describe each briefly. (4 marks)
A
  • Memory Management: Manages RAM usage (1).
    • Process Management: Handles task execution and scheduling (1).
    • File Management: Organises and stores files (1).
    • Device Management: Manages hardware through drivers (1).
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12
Q
  1. Explain the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing. (4 marks)
A
  • Multitasking: Switching between tasks on one CPU (2).
    • Multiprocessing: Using multiple CPUs/cores for simultaneous tasks (2).
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13
Q
  1. Describe the role of device drivers within an OS. (3 marks)
A
  • Role: Enables communication between hardware and OS (2).
    • Example: Printer driver allows OS to interact with printer (1).
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14
Q
  1. Define ‘kernel’ and ‘user interface’ in an OS and explain their roles. (5 marks)
A
  • Kernel: Core part of OS, manages hardware and system processes (2).
    • User Interface: Allows user interaction with OS, e.g., GUI or CLI (2).
    • Importance: Kernel enables system control; UI offers user access (1).
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15
Q
  1. Explain why file management is essential in an OS. (3 marks)
A
  • Importance: Organises storage for data retrieval (1).
    • Supports data hierarchy and access rights (1).
    • Enhances user and system efficiency (1).
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